नियम-पुस्तिका

The pass mark for the general points test, and the pool mark used to decide who goes into the invitation pool, is 65 points for Subclass 189, 190 and 491 applications made on or after 16 November 2019.

टिप्पणी: Instrument sunsets on 1 April 2030 per Federal Register metadata unless remade; 60 points applied to invitations before 1 July 2018 (s 7).

Pool marks and pass marks are not written into the Regulations themselves; the Minister sets them from time to time by legislative instrument under section 96 of the Migration Act.

टिप्पणी: Round 2 2026-10-23: dropped the Act's year from the statement (not in the quoted text); added the sentence saying the prescribed points are in Division 2.6 and Schedule 6D.

The points test is created by regulation 2.26AC and Schedule 6D, which prescribe the qualifications and points for the Points-tested stream of the Subclass 189 visa and for Subclass 190, 489 and 491 visas.

टिप्पणी: Verifier 2 2026-10-23: added list of visas from reg 2.26AC(2) as extra quote; checked against Migration Regulations 1994 compilation 289 (registered 2026-10-14, latest, no unincorporated amendments). | Round 2 2026-10-23: added the regulation heading as a quote (carries 2.26AC and the four subclass numbers).

Only the Points-tested stream of the Subclass 189 visa is subject to Schedule 6D; the New Zealand stream (closed to applications made from 10 December 2022) and the Hong Kong stream do not use the points test.

टिप्पणी: Verifier 2026-10-22: original wording named only the NZ stream; the Regulations also have a Hong Kong stream (Sch 2 cl 189.24) and clause 189.231B limits the NZ stream to applications made before 10 December 2022. | Verifier 3 2026-10-23: NZ-stream closure read in clause 189.231B (application must be made before 10 December 2022); Hong Kong stream criteria are in 189.24 (residence/visa-condition tests, no points test); moved source to Schedule 2 volume and added 189.231B as extra quote. | Verifier 4 2026-10-23: re-opened Schedule 2 (cl 189.2 Note, 189.22, 189.231B, 189.24): points-tested stream criteria point to Division 2.6 and Schedule 6D; NZ stream closed to applications from 10 Dec 2022; HK stream criteria (189.24) are visa-history tests. Added the cross-reference note as extra quote.

In each Part of Schedule 6D an applicant can receive points for only one qualification, and if several apply the one with the most points is used.

टिप्पणी: Verifier 4 2026-10-23: re-read reg 2.26AC(4)(a)-(b); statement matches; added limb (a) as extra quote.

To be granted a Subclass 189 visa, the applicant's assessed score must be at least the score stated in the invitation and at least the qualifying score (pass mark).

टिप्पणी: Verifier 3 2026-10-23: limb (1) (score stated in the invitation) is clause 189.224(1); added as extra quote. | Verifier 4 2026-10-23: re-read cl 189.224 and the 189.22 note; matches.

Points are generally counted as at the time of invitation, so a person must meet the points-test criteria when the invitation is issued rather than later when the visa application is lodged.

टिप्पणी: Source switched to the Regulations: the Sch 6D items for age, English, overseas/Australian employment (and others) are all headed 'At the time of invitation to apply for the visa', while the single/partner-is-citizen-or-PR item 6D112 carries no such time (see points-test-060). Home Affairs points-table page (updated 2026-06-11) says the same but its body cannot be machine-checked.

Age points are 25 for ages 18 to under 25, 30 for 25 to under 33, 25 for 33 to under 40 and 15 for 40 to under 45, measured at the time of invitation; the maximum of 30 points applies only to the band from 25 to under 33.

टिप्पणी: Verifier 4 2026-10-23: re-read Sch 6D Part 6D.1; values unchanged; reworded the '25-32' label to the law's 'under 33' bands so every number is in the quote.

A primary applicant for the Subclass 189 points-tested stream must not have turned 45 at the time of the invitation to apply.

टिप्पणी: Verifier 4 2026-10-23: re-read item 1137(2),(4B); matches.

Primary applicants for the Subclass 190 and 491 visas also must not have turned 45 at the time of the invitation to apply.

टिप्पणी: Subclass 190 (item 1138) uses the same rule with the wording 'at the time of invitation'.

English language points are 10 for proficient English and 20 for superior English; competent English earns no points under the table.

टिप्पणी: Competent English is a visa criterion for 189 (cl 189.223) and carries 0 points per Home Affairs points table.

At the time of invitation a Subclass 189 applicant must already have competent English, which is a requirement in its own right and gives no points.

A test used to prove proficient or superior English must have been taken in the 3 years immediately before the day the person was invited to apply.

For competent English, a language test must have been taken within the 3 years immediately before the date of the invitation (or before the application day if there was no invitation).

Competent English needs at least IELTS 6 in each component (CELPIP 7, PTE Academic 47/48/51/54, TOEFL iBT 16/16/19/19 for listening/reading/writing/speaking); the same schedule sets scores for the Cambridge C1 Advanced, LANGUAGECERT, MET and OET.

टिप्पणी: Quote is the listening row of the item-2 table; other components read from the same rows of Schedule 2. Home Affairs 'Competent English' page agrees (C1 Advanced 163/163/170/179). | Verifier 2 2026-10-23: added reading/writing/speaking rows as extra quotes; all figures re-checked against Schedule 2 item 2. | Verifier 4 2026-10-23: re-read Sch 2 item 2 (instrument still current: in force, no later version); figures unchanged; 'four components' and 'C1' wording removed/anchored so every number is in a quote.

Proficient English (10 points) needs at least IELTS 7 in each component, PTE Academic 58/59/69/76 and TOEFL iBT 22/22/26/24 for listening/reading/writing/speaking, with matching minimums for the other approved tests.

टिप्पणी: Quote is the listening row of the item-3 table; other components read from the same rows. | Verifier 2 2026-10-23: added reading/writing/speaking rows as extra quotes; all figures re-checked against Schedule 2 item 3.

Superior English needs at least IELTS 8 in each component, PTE Academic 69/70/85/88 and TOEFL iBT 26/27/30/28 for listening/reading/writing/speaking; the MET test is not accepted for superior English.

टिप्पणी: Quote is the listening row of the item-4 table; MET is excluded in column 6. | Verifier 2 2026-10-23: added reading/writing/speaking rows as extra quotes; all figures re-checked against Schedule 2 item 4. | Verifier 4 2026-10-23: re-read Sch 2 item 4 and s 9 note; the '20 points' figure moved out (it belongs to the Sch 6D item 6D21 fact, points-test-012) because it is not in this instrument.

The minimum scores for proficient English must be met in each English test component (listening, reading, speaking and writing), not as an overall score.

टिप्पणी: Round 2 2026-10-23: dropped the count 'four' from the English wording (the instrument lists the components in (a)-(d)); added the s 4 definition as a quote.

Nine tests are specified for competent and proficient English: C1 Advanced, CELPIP General, IELTS Academic, IELTS General Training, LANGUAGECERT Academic, MET, OET, PTE Academic and TOEFL iBT.

टिप्पणी: Test names taken from the definitions in s 4 and the Schedule 2 column headings.

Citizens of Canada, New Zealand, the Republic of Ireland, the United Kingdom and the United States who hold a valid passport of that country are treated as having competent English without a test, but this shortcut does not give proficient or superior points.

टिप्पणी: Passport exemption exists only in regs 1.15B(2) and 1.15C(2) (vocational and competent); 1.15D and 1.15EA have none. Verifier 2026-10-22: s 7(4) requires the person to be both a citizen and the holder of a valid passport of the country; wording tightened.

The current English test and score specification took effect on 7 August 2025 and replaced the older IMMI 15/005 instrument, adding CELPIP, LANGUAGECERT and MET and changing the PTE, TOEFL and OET score scales.

टिप्पणी: Repeal of IMMI 15/005 is in Sch 1 of the instrument; the new-test additions are visible in Sch 2. | Verifier 3 2026-10-23: replacement of IMMI 15/005 is Schedule 1; the added tests and changed score scales are read by comparing Schedule 2 with the old tests/scores listed in s 10 (IELTS, OET, TOEFL, PTE, Cambridge only).

Overseas skilled employment earns 5 points for at least 36 months in the 10 years before invitation, in the nominated occupation or a closely related skilled occupation.

Overseas skilled employment earns 10 points for at least 60 months within the 10 years before invitation.

Overseas skilled employment earns 15 points for at least 96 months (8 years) within the 10 years before invitation.

टिप्पणी: Verifier 4 2026-10-23: re-read item; 8 years is 96 months 계산.

Australian skilled employment earns 5 points for at least 12 months in the 10 years before invitation, in the nominated or a closely related occupation.

Australian skilled employment earns 10 points for at least 36 months within the 10 years before invitation.

Australian skilled employment earns 15 points for at least 60 months within the 10 years before invitation.

Australian skilled employment earns 20 points for at least 96 months (8 years) within the 10 years before invitation.

टिप्पणी: Verifier 4 2026-10-23: re-read item; 8 years is 96 months 계산.

Overseas and Australian employment points are combined and capped: if together they exceed 20 points, only 20 points are given for employment experience in total.

For the points test, 'employed' means working in an occupation for pay for at least 20 hours a week.

Australian work counts as skilled employment only if the person held a substantive visa, a Bridging A visa or a Bridging B visa that allowed work during that period, and complied with its conditions.

टिप्पणी: Source switched from the Home Affairs points-table page (not machine-checkable) to reg 2.27C, which is the legal rule; the regulation adds that the visa must have authorised work during the period.

A professional year earns 5 points if completed in Australia in the nominated or a closely related occupation, over at least 12 months, within the 48 months before invitation.

Only specified professional year programs count: those run by the Australian Computer Society (IT), the Australian accounting bodies (CA ANZ, CPA Australia, Institute of Public Accountants) and Engineers Australia.

टिप्पणी: Instrument sunsets 1 April 2029 per Federal Register metadata. Home Affairs points table names the same bodies.

A doctorate from an Australian institution, or an overseas doctorate of a recognised standard, earns 20 points.

At least a bachelor degree from an Australian institution, or an overseas bachelor-level qualification of a recognised standard, earns 15 points.

An Australian diploma or an Australian trade qualification earns 10 points.

Any other qualification or award that the assessing authority for the nominated occupation recognises as suitable for that occupation earns 10 points.

In deciding whether an overseas bachelor or doctoral qualification is of a recognised standard, the Minister must consider the assessing authority’s recognition at invitation, recognition by a body specified in an instrument, the length of study and any other relevant matter.

टिप्पणी: Verifier 3 2026-10-23: reg 2.26AC(5) applies to items 6D71 and 6D72 (doctorate and bachelor), so wording widened from degree only; also made it clear these are factors the Minister must have regard to.

For the points test an Australian bachelor's degree must require at least three years of full-time study (or the part-time equivalent).

A specialist educational qualification (an Australian research masters or doctorate in a specified field) earns 10 points.

A specialist educational qualification means a masters degree by research or a doctoral degree from an Australian institution that included at least two academic years of study in a specified field.

The specified fields for specialist education are 21 fields across natural and physical sciences, information technology, and engineering and related technologies.

टिप्पणी: Round 2 2026-10-23: added the last table row (item 21) as a quote so the count is backed. Natural and physical sciences 7 fields, IT 4, engineering 10 (items 1-21). Instrument registered 24 Sep 2026, commences the day after registration (25 Sep 2026). The Home Affairs points table (page last updated 2026-06-11) lists the same fields.

A new Migration (Fields of Education) Instrument 2026, registered on 24 September 2026, repealed the earlier Specification of Fields of Education 2016/076 that set the fields counting for specialist education points.

टिप्पणी: Commencement: the day after registration (s 2), i.e. 25 Sep 2026. Verifier 2026-10-22: removed the earlier claim that the list is unchanged; the old instrument text was not compared, only the Home Affairs table matches the new list of 21 fields.

Meeting the Australian study requirement earns 5 points.

The Australian study requirement needs one or more degrees, diplomas or trade qualifications from registered courses completed in at least 16 calendar months and 2 academic years, taught entirely in English, while holding a visa that allowed study in Australia.

टिप्पणी: Round 2 2026-10-23: added quotes for the '1 or more' wording, registered courses and the study-visa condition.

Studying in a designated regional area adds 5 points when the Australian study requirement is met and the campus is in a designated regional area.

For regional study points the applicant must also have lived in a designated regional area during the course, and none of the study can have been by distance education.

A designated regional area means either a designated city or major regional centre or a regional centre or other regional area, each defined by postcode in a ministerial instrument.

A credentialled community language qualification earns 5 points.

The only body specified for community language points is NAATI, and the credential must be paraprofessional accreditation or above, certified provisional or above, or a NAATI community language credential.

टिप्पणी: Instrument sunsets 1 April 2028 per Federal Register metadata.

A partner who is also an applicant for the same subclass and is not an Australian citizen or permanent resident gives 10 points when the partner was under 45 at invitation, has a skills assessment (not for a Subclass 485 visa) in an occupation on the Minister's specified list, and has competent English.

टिप्पणी: Partner must also apply for the same subclass and not be an Australian PR or citizen. Home Affairs wording: occupation on the same skilled list as the main applicant's. | Verifier 4 2026-10-23: re-read item 6D111(a)-(f); matches (assessment not for Subclass 485 is in limb (e)).

The partner's skills assessment for the 10-point item must come from the relevant assessing authority for the occupation they nominated and must not have been issued for a Subclass 485 visa.

If the partner is an applicant for the same visa subclass, is not an Australian citizen or permanent resident, and only has competent English, the applicant gets 5 points.

Applicants with no spouse or de facto partner, or whose partner is an Australian permanent resident or citizen, get 10 points.

An applicant invited for a Subclass 190 visa gets 5 points for state or territory nomination as long as the nominating agency has not withdrawn it.

An applicant invited for a Subclass 491 (or the closed 489) visa gets 15 points for a state or territory nomination that has not been withdrawn, or for family sponsorship the Minister has accepted.

टिप्पणी: Item header (nomination not withdrawn limb (a)) read in the same item 6D131. | Verifier 2 2026-10-23: quote widened to the item header plus limb (a); limb (b) kept as extra quote.

A primary applicant for the Subclass 190 visa must be nominated by a State or Territory government agency.

A Subclass 491 primary applicant must either be nominated by a state or territory agency (nomination not withdrawn) or be sponsored by an eligible relative who lives in a designated regional area.

टिप्पणी: Verifier 3 2026-10-23: sponsor limb is item 5(b) of the Sch 1 1241 table; sponsor must be 18+, an Australian citizen, PR or eligible NZ citizen, usually resident in a designated regional area and a listed relative; added limb (b) as extra quote.

The Subclass 489 (Skilled Regional Provisional) visa stopped taking new applications on 16 November 2019, the same date the new Subclass 491 visa began.

टिप्पणी: Verifier 3 2026-10-23: original said 489 was replaced by 491; the explanatory statement only says 491 was introduced for applications from the same date, so wording made literal. Round 2 2026-10-23: added the sentence carrying 491.

At the time of invitation the applicant must hold a suitable skills assessment from the relevant assessing authority for the nominated skilled occupation, and the assessment must not have been made for a Subclass 485 visa.

टिप्पणी: Verifier 2 2026-10-23: added the Subclass 485 exclusion from cl 189.222(1)(b), which the statement had omitted.

For a Subclass 189 visa, at the time of invitation the skills assessment must be no more than 3 years old, and if the assessment states a shorter validity period that period must not have ended.

टिप्पणी: Verifier 2 2026-10-23: reworded: original said valid for points and invitation purposes generally; cl 189.222(1)(c)-(d) is a Subclass 189 criterion assessed at invitation.

A Subclass 189 applicant must hold a written invitation from the Minister and must lodge the visa application within the period stated in the invitation.

The applicant must nominate the skilled occupation named in the invitation, and that occupation must have been on the Minister's list at the time of invitation.

An expression of interest in SkillSelect must be submitted before a person can be invited to apply for a Subclass 189, 190 or 491 visa.

टिप्पणी: Round 2 2026-10-23: added the three list items as quotes (carry 189, 190, 491).

To be invited for the Subclass 189, 190 or 491 visa, an EOI must meet or exceed the points threshold of 65.

टिप्पणी: Verifier 4 2026-10-23: quote extended to the full sentence naming the subclasses (page text re-read).

Meeting the 65-point threshold does not guarantee an invitation to apply.

टिप्पणी: Verifier 2 2026-10-23: removed unsupported clause that the Department invites only some qualifying EOIs; the EOI page only says there is no guarantee. Round 2 2026-10-23: added the sentence carrying the 65 threshold.

If the applicant falls short of the points, a partner who could score 65 or more can lodge the EOI as primary applicant with the applicant included as a family member.

टिप्पणी: Round 2 2026-10-23: added quotes for the 65-point threshold and the primary-applicant suggestion.

An EOI stays active in SkillSelect for 2 years from the day it is submitted.

An EOI can be updated at any time before an invitation is received, and should be updated when work experience, qualifications, English or skills assessments change.

A person invited to apply has 60 days from the date of the invitation to complete and lodge the visa application online.

State and territory nominated visas are assessed against each jurisdiction's own criteria, so nomination requirements vary by state.

टिप्पणी: Page body is rendered from JSON inside an HTML attribute, so scripts/bible/check-quotes.mjs cannot read it (auto-check mismatch); quote was copied from the page's embedded content and matched manually on 2026-10-22 -> kept 부분확인. Verifier 2026-10-22: re-read on the rendered page (last updated 2026-09-21) and matches (21,090 vs 16,900; total 132,240); status stays 부분확인 because the static page cannot be machine-checked. | Verifier 2 2026-10-23: removed extra points requirements wording not stated by the page. | Round 2 2026-10-23: live page re-read, quote matches and check-quotes matches it (quoteVerified); upgraded to 확인.

A person can only be granted a 189, 190 or 491 visa if the Minister has invited them in writing to apply for that visa.

टिप्पणी: 190.211, 491.213에도 같은 문구. 초청을 받는 경로가 SkillSelect EOI라는 점은 skilled-189-190-491-067, -071 참조(이 조항 자체에는 없음). 2026-10-23 재확인(compilation 289, 최신 판).

At the time of invitation the applicant must hold a suitable skills assessment for the nominated occupation from the relevant assessing authority, and the assessment must not be an assessment made for a Subclass 485 visa.

टिप्पणी: 3차 점검 2026-10-23: (b)항 인용 추가(485 제외 요건)

The skills assessment must still be valid when the invitation is issued: if it states a validity period that period must not have ended, and in any case no more than 3 years may have passed since the assessment date.

If the skills assessment relied on a qualification gained in Australia while on a student visa, that qualification must have come from a registered (CRICOS) course.

The applicant must have at least competent English at the time of invitation.

When the application is assessed, the points score must be at least the score stated in the invitation and at least the qualifying score set for the points system.

The pool mark and the pass mark for the Subclass 189, 190 and 491 points test are both 65 points for applications made on or after 16 November 2019.

टिप्पणी: 이 고시는 개정 없이 현재도 유효(법령 DB 기준 compilation 0).

The primary applicant must not have turned 45 at the time of the invitation to apply.

The visa application must be lodged within the period stated in the invitation.

टिप्पणी: 실제 기간은 Home Affairs 안내상 60일(별도 항목 참조).

For the 189 visa, the occupation the applicant nominates must be named in the invitation itself and must be a skilled occupation the Minister specified by legislative instrument as of the invitation, and the applicant declares a suitable skills assessment for it.

टिप्पणी: 3차 점검 2026-10-23: Sch 1 item 1137(4B) 표는 189 전용이라 대상 비자를 189로 좁히고, 평가 선언(항목 4(c)) 인용 추가

A primary applicant for the Subclass 190 visa must be nominated by a State or Territory government agency.

टिप्पणी: 3차 점검 2026-10-23: 190 표기를 담은 표 1번 항목 인용 추가

For the 190 visa, the nominating State or Territory agency must not have withdrawn the nomination at the time of decision.

टिप्पणी: 3차 점검 2026-10-23: 결정 시점 요건과 190 표기 인용 추가

For the 491 visa the applicant must either be nominated by a State or Territory agency (nomination not withdrawn) or declare that an eligible relative aged 18 or over, who is an Australian citizen or permanent resident or eligible New Zealand citizen, sponsors them.

टिप्पणी: 3차 점검 2026-10-23: 후원 선언(item 5(b), 6) 인용 추가

A sponsor for the 491 visa must be at least 18, be an Australian citizen, permanent resident or eligible New Zealand citizen, and usually live in a designated regional area.

टिप्पणी: 3차 점검 2026-10-23: 후원자 연령(18세) 인용 추가

An eligible 491 family sponsor can be the applicant's parent, child or step-child, sibling, aunt or uncle, nephew or niece, grandparent or first cousin, or hold one of those relationships to the applicant's partner when that partner also applies for the 491.

टिप्पणी: Sch 1 item 1241(4) item 6(b)에도 같은 관계 목록. 파트너 기준 관계는 파트너가 491 신청인일 때만 해당(2026-10-22 재확인).

A 491 applicant must declare that they and any family members applying with them genuinely intend to live, work and study in a designated regional area.

टिप्पणी: 3차 점검 2026-10-23: 491 표기·가족 포함 인용 추가

In the Regulations, a designated regional area means either a designated city or major regional centre, or a regional centre or other regional area.

The postcode instrument LIN 22/022 names the designated regional areas in two tables (designated cities or major regional centres, and regional centres or other regional areas); it covers the whole ACT and Northern Territory and long postcode ranges in the other states, while most Greater Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane postcodes are not listed.

टिप्पणी: "대도시권 대부분 제외"는 표에 시드니(2000~2249)·멜버른(3000대 초중반)·브리즈번(4000~4018)이 없음을 근거로 한 요약. 표 1(도시·주요 중심지)에 퍼스·애들레이드·호바트·캔버라·뉴캐슬·울런공·질롱·골드코스트 등이 들어 있어 이 도시들도 지정 지역. 개별 주소는 반드시 표로 확인. 2026-10-23 법령 DB 확인: 현재 유효, 개정 없음(compilation 0).

The 189 visa is a permanent visa, and its travel facility allows the holder to travel to and enter Australia for 5 years from the date of grant.

The 190 visa is a permanent visa with a five-year travel facility from the date of grant.

टिप्पणी: 189.511과 같은 문구(190.511).

The 491 visa is a temporary visa that lets the primary holder travel to, enter and remain in Australia for 5 years from the date of grant.

टिप्पणी: 491.511(2): 2020-02-01~2021-12-14 사이 효력이 있고 그날 해외에 있었으며 2022-02-18에도 유효한 경우에만 8년(예외). 2차 점검 2026-10-23.

Holders of a 491 visa that was in effect while they were outside Australia on any day between 1 February 2020 and 14 December 2021, and that was still in effect on 18 February 2022, were given an 8-year visa period instead of 5.

टिप्पणी: 과거 특례로, 신규 신청자에게는 해당 없음.

An applicant may be inside or outside Australia when the visa is granted, but not in immigration clearance, and the second instalment of the charge must be paid before grant where it applies.

An applicant lodging in Australia must hold a substantive visa or a Bridging A, B or C visa at the time of applying.

Anyone who holds, or last held, a 491 or 494 visa must have held it for at least 3 years at the time of applying for a 189 or 190 visa, unless a specified exception applies.

Condition 8579 requires a 491 holder in Australia to live, work and study only in an area that was a designated regional area when the visa was granted.

Under condition 8578 a 491 holder must tell the department within 14 days of a change in residential address, email, phone, passport details, or an employer’s address or work location.

टिप्पणी: 491 부과 근거는 Subclass 491 조항 491.612 "Conditions 8578, 8579, 8580 and 8581 must be imposed"(Vol 2). 2차 점검 2026-10-23.

Under condition 8580, when asked in writing a 491 holder must give evidence of their address, employers and workplace and study addresses within 28 days of the request.

टिप्पणी: 491 부과 근거는 Subclass 491 조항 491.612(Vol 2). 2차 점검 2026-10-23.

Under condition 8581, a 491 holder must attend an interview if the Minister asks in writing, at the time and place or in the manner specified.

A secondary applicant outside Australia at grant may be given condition 8515, which bars marrying or entering a de facto relationship before first entering Australia, and first entry must happen by the date the Minister sets.

टिप्पणी: 8515 부과 및 최초입국 기한은 Sch 2 cl 189.611/190.611/491.611.

The standard first-instalment visa application charge (not the Pacific-regional rate) for a 189 points-tested application is A$6,135 for the main applicant, A$3,070 for each additional applicant aged 18 or over and A$1,540 for each under 18.

टिप्पणी: Visa Pricing Estimator가 기타 비용(건강검진·경찰증명 등)은 포함하지 않음. 매년 7월 1일 등 인상 가능. | 원문은 금액의 천 단위를 공백으로 적어($6 135 = 6,135달러) 서술에는 쉼표 표기로 옮김(표기 환산, 계산)

A primary applicant holding a passport from a Pacific-regional country (the definition includes Timor-Leste), and family members applying together with them, pay a lower 189 first-instalment charge: A$5,030 base, A$2,515 per adult and A$1,260 per child.

टिप्पणी: Pacific-regional country 정의(reg 1.03)에 Timor-Leste 포함. 2026-07-01부터 적용되는 태평양·동티모르 시민 요금 인하와 일치(Home Affairs 안내, -091). | 원문은 금액의 천 단위를 공백으로 적어($6 135 = 6,135달러) 서술에는 쉼표 표기로 옮김(표기 환산, 계산)

A second instalment of A$4,885 is payable before grant by each applicant aged 18 or over who is assessed as not having functional English, with exceptions such as family-violence cases.

First-instalment charge for a 190 application is A$6,140 for the main applicant, A$3,070 per additional adult and A$1,535 per additional child under 18.

टिप्पणी: 189 요금(6,135/1,540)과 5달러씩 차이 남 — 법령 원문 그대로. | 원문은 금액의 천 단위를 공백으로 적어($6 135 = 6,135달러) 서술에는 쉼표 표기로 옮김(표기 환산, 계산)

Pacific-regional (including Timor-Leste) passport holders, and family members combined with them, pay A$5,035 base, A$2,515 per adult and A$1,260 per child for the 190 and 491 first instalment.

टिप्पणी: 원문은 금액의 천 단위를 공백으로 적어($6 135 = 6,135달러) 서술에는 쉼표 표기로 옮김(표기 환산, 계산). 491은 Pacific 여권 소지자의 가족(1241(2)(a)(i)(C))에도 같은 요율이 적용됨

The 190 second instalment is A$4,885 for each applicant aged 18 or over assessed as lacking functional English, and nil for others.

टिप्पणी: 원문은 금액의 천 단위를 공백으로 적어($6 135 = 6,135달러) 서술에는 쉼표 표기로 옮김(표기 환산, 계산). 법령 표에 item 1A(190.311(3)(4)(5) 충족자)도 Nil이며 서술의 "그 외"에 포함

First-instalment charge for a 491 application is A$6,140 for the main applicant and A$3,070 for each additional applicant aged 18 or over (A$1,535 for each under 18).

टिप्पणी: 미성년 1,535달러는 페이지 넘김 뒤 표 3행에 있음(같은 항목). | 원문은 금액의 천 단위를 공백으로 적어($6 135 = 6,135달러) 서술에는 쉼표 표기로 옮김(표기 환산, 계산)

The 491 second instalment is A$4,890 for each applicant aged 18 or over assessed as not having functional English.

Age points at the time of invitation are 25 for an applicant aged 18 or over but under 25, 30 for 25 to under 33, 25 for 33 to under 40, 15 for 40 to under 45, and none from age 45.

English points are 20 for superior English and 10 for proficient English; competent English earns no points.

टिप्पणी: competent 0점은 표에 항목이 없다는 점에 근거.

Overseas skilled work in the nominated or a closely related occupation scores 5 points for at least 36 months, 10 for 60 months and 15 for 96 months within the 10 years before invitation.

टिप्पणी: 5점·10점 항목(6D31, 6D32)은 같은 표의 앞 행. | 해외·호주 경력 점수를 합치면 20점이 상한(6D51)

Australian skilled work in the nominated or a closely related occupation scores 5 points for 12 months, 10 for 36 months, 15 for 60 months and 20 for 96 months within the 10 years before invitation.

टिप्पणी: 해외·호주 경력 점수를 합치면 20점이 상한(6D51)

Overseas and Australian employment points combined are capped at 20 points.

For the points test, being employed means working in an occupation for pay for at least 20 hours a week.

Completing an Australian professional year of at least 12 months in the nominated or a closely related occupation within the 48 months before invitation earns 5 points.

Education points are 20 for a doctorate and 15 for at least a bachelor degree (Australian, or overseas of a recognised standard).

टिप्पणी: 박사 20점은 6D71, 같은 표.

An Australian diploma, an Australian trade qualification, or a qualification recognised by the assessing authority as suitable for the occupation each earn 10 points.

A specialist education qualification, meaning an Australian research masters or doctorate with at least 2 academic years in a specified field, earns 10 points.

टिप्पणी: 정의는 reg 2.26AC(5A)(5B): 연구 석사/박사 + 지정 분야 2학년 이상(분야는 고시로 지정). 2026-10-22 재확인: 인용문은 PDF 표 레이아웃(점수 열 포함) 그대로.

Meeting the Australian study requirement earns 5 points, and a credentialled community language qualification earns another 5.

टिप्पणी: 호주 학업 요건 5점은 6D81.

Study in a designated regional area earns 5 more points when the applicant met the Australian study requirement, the campus was in a designated regional area, they lived in such an area while studying and none of the study was by distance education.

Partner points: 10 if the partner applies for the same subclass, is under 45, is not an Australian citizen or permanent resident, nominated a listed skilled occupation, holds a suitable skills assessment and has competent English; 10 if the applicant is single or the partner is an Australian citizen or permanent resident; and 5 if the partner applies for the same subclass, is not a citizen or permanent resident and has competent English.

टिप्पणी: 10점(독신/시민 파트너)은 6D112. 5점은 6D113, 숙련 파트너 10점은 6D111.

A 190 invitation with a State or Territory nomination that has not been withdrawn adds 5 points.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-22 재확인: 인용문은 PDF 표 레이아웃(점수 열 포함) 그대로.

An invitation to apply for a 491 visa with a state nomination that stands, or an accepted family sponsor, adds 15 points.

टिप्पणी: 6D131은 489(신규 접수 종료)와 491을 함께 규정; 지명 미철회(a) 또는 가족 후원 승인(b). 2026-10-22 재확인: 인용문은 PDF 표 레이아웃 그대로.

Points are given for only one qualification in each Part of Schedule 6D, namely the one that carries the most points.

For an invited applicant, the English test counted as competent English must have been taken in the 3 years immediately before the date of the invitation.

Citizens of Canada, New Zealand, Ireland, the United Kingdom or the United States who hold a valid passport from that country are treated as having competent English without a test.

टिप्पणी: reg 1.15C(2)가 고시 지정 여권을 competent로 인정.

For IELTS, competent English needs at least 6 in each of the four components, proficient 7 and superior 8.

टिप्पणी: 현행 근거는 고시 s 7(3)·8(3)·9(3)이 가리키는 Schedule 2 표 item 2(competent)·3(proficient)·4(superior)이고, IELTS Academic·General Training 두 열 모두 4개 영역 각 6·7·8점이에요(2026-10-23 PDF 표를 직접 확인; 인용한 표 줄은 listening 줄로, C1·CELPIP·IELTS Academic·IELTS GT 순). 처음 인용(6점)과 quotes의 7·8점 문장은 2025-08-07 이전 응시분에 대한 경과규정 s 10(5)(a)·10(7)(a)·10(9)(a). PTE·TOEFL 등 다른 시험 점수는 표 참조.

For 189 invitations, and for 491 invitations to people not nominated by a state or territory, only occupations on the Medium and Long-term Strategic Skills List are eligible.

टिप्पणी: PDF 텍스트 추출 시 표의 두 열이 줄 단위로 섞여 인용문에 "Medium and Long-term"/"Strategic Skills List"가 끼어 있음.

For state-nominated 190 invitations, occupations on either the Medium and Long-term Strategic Skills List or the Short-term Skilled Occupation List are eligible.

टिप्पणी: 표 3행: 적용 목록 (a) MLTSSL, (b) STSOL.

For state-nominated 491 invitations, the MLTSSL, the STSOL and the Regional Occupation List are all eligible occupation lists.

टिप्पणी: 표 4행에서 (a)(b)(c)로 세 목록 적용(레이아웃상 인용은 ROL 정의 문장).

The Medium and Long-term Strategic Skills List in the March 2026 compilation of LIN 19/051 contains 212 numbered occupations.

टिप्पणी: 마지막 번호가 212.

The Short-term Skilled Occupation List has 215 numbered occupations and the Regional Occupation List has 77 in the same compilation.

टिप्पणी: ROL 마지막 행: 76 property manager 612112, 77 real estate representative 612115.

These three visas use ANZSCO 2013-based lists (MLTSSL, STSOL, ROL); the Core Skills Occupation List and ANZSCO 2022 apply to the 186 and 482 programs, not to the 189, 190 or 491.

टिप्पणी: "CSOL이 186·482용"은 같은 페이지의 ANZSCO 2022 절(186, 482 나열)에 근거. 페이지 갱신일 2025-08-06.

The occupations for the 189, 190 and 491 visas are specified in legislative instrument LIN 19/051, which also names the assessing authority for each occupation.

टिप्पणी: 페이지 갱신일 2025-01-17. 법정 고시 자체는 2026-03-28 편집본이 최신.

The instrument lists the Australian Computer Society as the assessing authority for ICT occupations such as developer programmer (261312) and software engineer (261313).

The Immigration Minister specifies by legislative instrument which person or body is the relevant assessing authority for an occupation and for applicants from given countries.

Applicants cannot lodge a 189, 190 or 491 application directly; they first submit an expression of interest in SkillSelect and must be invited.

टिप्पणी: 페이지 갱신일 2026-10-07.

Submitting an EOI does not require uploading documents, only personal information, work experience and qualification details.

To be invited for a 189, 190 or 491 visa an applicant needs to meet or exceed the points threshold of 65.

टिप्पणी: 페이지 갱신일 2026-10-07.

Reaching 65 points does not guarantee an invitation to apply for a skilled visa.

After an invitation the applicant has 60 days from the invitation date to complete and submit the visa application online.

टिप्पणी: 189 상세 페이지는 "60 calendar days, 연장 불가"로 안내.

An EOI can be updated at any time before an invitation is received if the applicant’s circumstances change.

If the main applicant does not reach the points threshold but the partner might, the partner can submit an EOI as the primary applicant and include the main applicant as a family member.

The 491 is for people nominated by a state or territory, or sponsored by an eligible family member, to live and work in regional Australia.

टिप्पणी: 페이지 갱신일 2026-10-07.

To become a permanent resident from a skilled regional provisional visa, the holder must show they have lived and worked in regional Australia while holding it.

The Permanent Residence (Skilled Regional) subclass 191 visa began on 16 November 2022 as an independent permanent residence pathway for 491 and 494 holders.

टिप्पणी: 문서 날짜는 "June 2026" 표기만 있어 1일로 기재.

To apply for the 191 in the Regional Provisional Visas stream, the primary applicant must have held a regional provisional visa (a 491 or 494) for at least 3 years, and these applications can only be made on or after 16 November 2022.

टिप्पणी: 2차 점검 2026-10-23: 이전 서술은 "491에서 온 신청자"로 좁혀 쓴 것을 규정상 정의(regional provisional visa = 491 또는 494)에 맞춰 고침.

For a 191 the applicant must give tax assessment notices for 3 relevant income years showing taxable income of at least the amount the Minister sets.

टिप्पणी: 소득 기준 금액은 별도 법정 고시로 정해지며 이번 조사에서 해당 고시를 확인하지 못함.

A 191 applicant must have substantially complied with the conditions of the regional provisional visa, and must have complied with condition 8579 unless they belong to a class exempted by instrument.

The 191 first-instalment charge in the Regional Provisional Visas stream is A$630 base, A$315 per additional adult and A$160 per additional child (A$515, A$260 and A$135 for Pacific-regional passport holders).

टिप्पणी: 미성년 추가 요금은 쪽을 넘긴 표 3행(일반 160달러, 태평양 135달러). 2026-10-23 재확인. 홍콩 스트림 요금은 별도 표.

On 4 November 2025 the government set 2025-26 state and territory nomination allocations at 20,350 in total.

टिप्पणी: 2026-27 배정은 2026-10-22 기준 게시되지 않음(페이지 갱신일 2026-09-21). 2026-10-23 재확인: 페이지에 2025-26 배정만 있음. 일부 주 사이트는 2026-27 배정을 따로 안내할 수 있으니 주 정부 페이지 확인 필요.

Of the 2025-26 allocations, 12,850 places are for the 190 and 7,500 for the 491, with Victoria (2,700) and NSW (2,100) largest for 190 and NSW (1,500) and WA (1,400) largest for 491.

टिप्पणी: 순서는 [190, 491].

A nomination allocation is the number of new primary applicants a state or territory may nominate in a program year and does not set the number of visas granted.

The Skilled Independent category planning level was cut from 30,375 in 2023-24 to 16,900 for both 2024-25 and 2025-26.

टिप्पणी: 열 구성: 연도별 계획/실적, 마지막이 2025-26 계획.

The State/Territory Nominated category planning level is 33,000 places in 2025-26, up from 30,400 in 2023-24.

टिप्पणी: 표 9. 2026-27 수준(주·준주 지명 35,500 등)은 policy-changes-007 참조. 2차 점검 2026-10-23.

The Skilled Regional category was planned at 33,000 places for 2025-26, the same as 2024-25.

टिप्पणी: 표 9. 2026-27 수준(지역 14,110 등)은 policy-changes-007 참조. 2차 점검 2026-10-23.

The 2026-27 Budget sets the permanent Migration Program planning level at 185,000 places, with 132,240 places allocated to the Skill stream.

टिप्पणी: 예산서에는 시행일이 없음(프로그램 연도는 통상 7월 1일 시작). 2025-26 기술 스트림은 132,200명(Home Affairs 'Administration of the Immigration and Citizenship Programs' 16th ed., Table 9). 범주별(189/190/491) 2026-27 계획 수치는 2026-10-23 기준 공식 게시 못 찾음.

The 2026-27 Budget announced that the permanent migration points test will be reformed, with details such as start date not stated in the paper.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-22까지 시행일·새 점수표 공식 게시 없음(Home Affairs 점수제 검토는 2024-04-24 토론문서에서 시작).

The budget says the reformed points test will be optimised to select migrants who are better educated, higher skilled and younger overall.

Applications lodged for the 491 were 26,314 in 2021-22, 47,814 in 2022-23, 17,685 in 2023-24, 19,598 in 2024-25 and 5,843 in the first half of 2025-26.

Applications lodged for the 191 permanent visa rose from 1,168 in 2022-23 to 10,594 in 2023-24 and 16,462 in 2024-25, with 12,572 in the first half of 2025-26.

टिप्पणी: 표 12: 2021-22는 131건. 2026-10-22 재확인: 인용문은 PDF 표 레이아웃 그대로.

NSW nomination for the 190 requires an occupation within an ANZSCO unit group on the NSW Skills List and a skills assessment that is valid for an occupation that is also eligible for the visa.

टिप्पणी: 페이지 메타 수정일 2026-10-15. 2026-10-23 열람.

NSW runs 190 invitation rounds throughout the financial year without pre-announced dates, and an invitation to apply for NSW nomination is valid for only 14 days.

टिप्पणी: 페이지 메타 수정일 2026-10-15. 2026-10-23 열람.

NSW selects 190 candidates by factors such as age, English, education, points and years of skilled work, and the highest-ranked EOIs in each ANZSCO unit group are invited.

टिप्पणी: 페이지 메타 수정일 2026-10-15. 2026-10-23 열람.

NSW announced that 491 nominations are closed for the current program year because all places are allocated, with program settings for the next year under review.

टिप्पणी: 페이지 메타 수정일 2026-09-04. 2026-10-23 열람 시점 상태(공지가 2026-27 프로그램 연도 중 게시됨).

NSW offers three 491 pathways: apply if employed with a regional NSW employer for six months, be invited by Investment NSW, or apply as a recent regional NSW graduate.

टिप्पणी: 페이지 메타 수정일 2026-09-04. 2026-10-23 열람 시점 상태(공지가 2026-27 프로그램 연도 중 게시됨).

Home Affairs' 2025-26 allocation table gives each jurisdiction its 190 and 491 places: ACT 800 and 800, NSW 2,100 and 1,500, NT 850 and 800, Queensland 1,850 and 750, SA 1,350 and 900, Tasmania 1,200 and 650, Victoria 2,700 and 700, WA 2,000 and 1,400.

टिप्पणी: 페이지 갱신일 2026-09-21. 표 머리글: 190=Skilled Nominated, 491=Skilled Work Regional. ACT 행은 같은 표의 첫 줄.

WA nominates for the 190 and 491 through a General stream (occupations on WASMOL Schedule 1 or Schedule 2) and a Graduate stream for WA graduates (Graduate occupation list), and the Home Affairs points bonus is 5 for the 190 and 15 for the 491.

टिप्पणी: 페이지는 2025-26 프로그램 기준으로 안내(2026-27 기준 개정 공지는 확인 못 함). 2026-10-22 열람.

For the WA General stream WASMOL Schedule 1 an invitee needs at least one year of Australian or one year of overseas work in the nominated or a closely related occupation in the last 10 years, at 20+ hours a week after qualifying, and the two cannot be added together.

टिप्पणी: 페이지는 2025-26 프로그램 기준으로 안내(2026-27 기준 개정 공지는 확인 못 함). 2026-10-22 열람.

A WA General stream 190 candidate needs a full-time WA employment contract (average 35+ hours a week) in the nominated or a closely related occupation for at least six months from the nomination application, but this is not required for 491 applicants or building and construction invitees.

टिप्पणी: 페이지는 2025-26 프로그램 기준으로 안내(2026-27 기준 개정 공지는 확인 못 함). 2026-10-22 열람.

WA requires competent English in a single sitting and publishes the minimum component scores (L/R/W/S) for tests taken from 7 August 2025: IELTS 6 each, PTE 47/48/51/54, TOEFL iBT 16/16/19/19, Cambridge C1 163/163/170/179, OET 290/310/290/330, CELPIP 7 each, LANGUAGECERT 57/60/64/70, Michigan 56/55/57/48.

टिप्पणी: 페이지는 2025-26 프로그램 기준으로 안내(2026-27 기준 개정 공지는 확인 못 함). 2026-10-22 열람. | 같은 표는 Home Affairs 언어시험 고시(LIN 25/016) 값과 같아야 하며 고시 항목에서 별도 대조.

The WA Graduate stream requires a Certificate III or higher qualification from an accredited WA institution and at least 87 weeks of full-time, on-campus study in WA, with no more than 25 percent online study and no credit from outside WA.

टिप्पणी: 페이지는 2025-26 프로그램 기준으로 안내(2026-27 기준 개정 공지는 확인 못 함). 2026-10-22 열람.

WA ranks General stream EOIs first by whether the candidate lives in WA, then by priority sector (building and construction trades first, then other construction, healthcare, hospitality and education), then by EOI points and earliest submission date.

टिप्पणी: 페이지는 2025-26 프로그램 기준으로 안내(2026-27 기준 개정 공지는 확인 못 함). 2026-10-22 열람.

WA expects to issue invitations each month, and a candidate whose EOI seeks both 190 and 491 is generally invited for the 491 first; an invitee has 28 calendar days to lodge and pays a non-refundable AUD 200 nomination fee.

टिप्पणी: 페이지는 2025-26 프로그램 기준으로 안내(2026-27 기준 개정 공지는 확인 못 함). 2026-10-22 열람.

After WA nomination and visa grant the nominee must live and work in WA for two years (moving to WA within three months if not already there), and a person nominated for any skilled subclass cannot be nominated again in the same program year.

टिप्पणी: 페이지는 2025-26 프로그램 기준으로 안내(2026-27 기준 개정 공지는 확인 못 함). 2026-10-22 열람. | 3차 점검 2026-10-23: 2년 거주·근무 약속 문장 인용 추가

On 22 October 2026 South Australia opened Registrations of Interest only to people already living and working in SA whose visas expire by 31 January 2027, while offshore candidates are invited directly from their SkillSelect EOI.

टिप्पणी: SA 페이지는 일부 문구에서 2025-26 기간을 그대로 두고 2026-27 우선 산업을 함께 안내. 2026-10-22 열람.

For the 2026-27 GSM program South Australia prioritises construction, engineering, manufacturing, trades, health and education, giving 190 invitations to priority-industry candidates whose occupation is 190-eligible and 491 invitations to the rest.

टिप्पणी: SA 페이지는 일부 문구에서 2025-26 기간을 그대로 두고 2026-27 우선 산업을 함께 안내. 2026-10-22 열람.

SA's Skilled Employment stream needs South Australian residence and full-time work (at least 30 hours a week) for the last 12 months in the same ANZSCO sub-major group as the nominated occupation, plus age under 45, Competent English and 65 points including nomination points.

टिप्पणी: SA 페이지는 일부 문구에서 2025-26 기간을 그대로 두고 2026-27 우선 산업을 함께 안내. 2026-10-22 열람.

SA's Outer Regional Skilled Employment stream needs nine months of living and working in Outer Regional South Australia with a current full-time role of at least 30 hours a week, in addition to the same age, English and 65-point requirements.

टिप्पणी: SA 페이지는 일부 문구에서 2025-26 기간을 그대로 두고 2026-27 우선 산업을 함께 안내. 2026-10-22 열람.

SA's Graduates stream needs a CRICOS course of at least 46 weeks with at least 75 percent completed in SA and a year of SA residence during study, then 6 months of SA residence and 6 months of full-time work after the course.

टिप्पणी: SA 페이지는 일부 문구에서 2025-26 기간을 그대로 두고 2026-27 우선 산업을 함께 안내. 2026-10-22 열람.

An offshore applicant for SA nomination needs at least three years of skilled work in the nominated or a closely related occupation in the last five years (one year in the last three years for 15 listed construction and trade occupations) and has 14 days to apply once selected.

टिप्पणी: SA 페이지는 일부 문구에서 2025-26 기간을 그대로 두고 2026-27 우선 산업을 함께 안내. 2026-10-22 열람.

SA lists a nomination fee of AUD 394 for both the 190 and the 491 and no fee for the Registration of Interest.

टिप्पणी: SA 페이지는 일부 문구에서 2025-26 기간을 그대로 두고 2026-27 우선 산업을 함께 안내. 2026-10-22 열람.

SA gives an average processing time of 2 to 8 weeks for 190 and 491 nomination applications and publishes no processing time for Registrations of Interest.

टिप्पणी: SA 페이지는 일부 문구에서 2025-26 기간을 그대로 두고 2026-27 우선 산업을 함께 안내. 2026-10-22 열람.

South Australia's Skilled Occupation List covers 353 occupations at 65 points: 288 are open to both 190 and 491 and 65 to the 491 only for the Skilled Employment stream, while offshore 224 are open to both, 27 to the 491 only and 102 are not available to offshore candidates.

टिप्पणी: SA 페이지는 일부 문구에서 2025-26 기간을 그대로 두고 2026-27 우선 산업을 함께 안내. 2026-10-22 열람. | 개수는 목록 본문을 직접 파싱해 센 값(계산). 직업별 스트림·부류는 같은 페이지 표.

Section 8 of LIN 19/051 (compilation of 28 March 2026) lists 212 occupations as the Medium and Long-term Strategic Skills List, the only list usable for a 189 invitation or a family-sponsored 491, and each of them is also usable for the 190 and the state-nominated 491.

टिप्पणी: 심사기관 열은 Home Affairs 직업 목록 페이지(JSON 내장)의 심사기관 칸을 직업명으로 맞춰 채움; LIN s10AA 표의 해당 행과 대조해 일치(파싱 가능한 469행 중 460행 일치, 나머지는 표 서식 차이). 목록 소속·코드는 LIN 본문. | MLTSSL 전체 표(코드·직업명·심사기관)를 value에 수록. s8(2): 'dancer or choreographer'는 일하는 자리가 exotic dancer이면 제외.

Section 9 of LIN 19/051 lists 215 occupations as the Short-term Skilled Occupation List, which is usable for a state-nominated 190 and a state-nominated 491 but not for a 189 or a family-sponsored 491.

टिप्पणी: 심사기관 열은 Home Affairs 직업 목록 페이지(JSON 내장)의 심사기관 칸을 직업명으로 맞춰 채움; LIN s10AA 표의 해당 행과 대조해 일치(파싱 가능한 469행 중 460행 일치, 나머지는 표 서식 차이). 목록 소속·코드는 LIN 본문. | STSOL 전체 표를 value에 수록.

Section 10 of LIN 19/051 lists 77 occupations as the Regional Occupation List, which adds to the other two lists only for a state-nominated 491.

स्रोतहरूमा मतभेद छ: Home Affairs skilled occupation list page shows Agricultural Engineer (233912) on both MLTSSL and ROL, while the LIN 19/051 ROL table (77 items) does not contain it

टिप्पणी: 심사기관 열은 Home Affairs 직업 목록 페이지(JSON 내장)의 심사기관 칸을 직업명으로 맞춰 채움; LIN s10AA 표의 해당 행과 대조해 일치(파싱 가능한 469행 중 460행 일치, 나머지는 표 서식 차이). 목록 소속·코드는 LIN 본문. | ROL 전체 표를 value에 수록. HA 페이지는 agricultural engineer(233912)를 MLTSSL+ROL로 표시하지만 LIN s10 표에서는 확인되지 않아 LIN 기준(MLTSSL만)으로 분류.

Section 11 of LIN 19/051 names 37 assessing-authority abbreviations in full, from the architects council AACA and Engineers Australia to TRA for trades and VETASSESS for general professional and para-professional occupations.

टिप्पणी: LIN s11 표 전체(37행). 법무·의료 등 일부 직업은 s10AA에서 "a legal admissions authority"(변호사)나 CMBA(중의학 위원회) 같이 s11 약어 밖의 기관을 직접 적음.

In the section 10AA table of LIN 19/051 each of the 504 skilled occupations has a named relevant assessing authority; VETASSESS covers about 242 of them, TRA 93, the Medical Board 34, Engineers Australia 30, ACS 23 and ANMAC 20, and some occupations list alternative authorities.

टिप्पणी: 기관별 직업 수는 Home Affairs 직업 목록 페이지의 심사기관 칸을 직업별로 센 계산값(대체 기관이 있는 직업은 각 기관에 1씩 계산, 합계가 504를 넘음). 직업별 매핑 전체는 앞의 MLTSSL·STSOL·ROL 항목 value에 있음.

LIN 19/051 section 10AA(2) fixes the assessing authority for split occupations: VETASSESS for a non-medical physicist and ACPSEM for a medical physicist, TRA for a trades vocational education teacher and VETASSESS for a non-trades one, and ACS for an information and organisation professional (nec) who is a data scientist.

टिप्पणी: s10AA(2)(da),(db)는 2026-03-28 개정(LIN 26/027)으로 추가됨.

The March 2026 amendment of LIN 19/051 (LIN 26/027, effective 28 March 2026) changed the surveyor's authority and added the data-scientist split, and it applies to assessments made on or after 8 October 2025 except surveyor assessments dated on or before 21 August 2025.

टिप्पणी: 측량사 새 기관은 s10AA(1) 표 26번 행(ISNSW)과 개정 이력에서 확인. 데이터 과학자 항목은 2024-12-14 이후 신청에 적용(s17(3)).

For visa applications made after the May 2022 amendment, LIN 19/051 section 15 also accepts certain earlier assessing authorities when the skills assessment was applied for before 6 May 2022, such as the Australian Institute of Management for several manager occupations and the Australian Institute of Medical Scientists for medical laboratory occupations.

टिप्पणी: s15(3) 표 11행 전체를 value에 수록.

Under section 8(2) of LIN 19/051 the occupation 'dancer or choreographer' does not count as a skilled occupation when the position the person is to work in is an exotic dancer.

टिप्पणी: 이 직업은 MLTSSL 9번 항목. 직업별 개별 평가 조건(caveat)은 LIN에서 이 한 가지만 확인됨; 그 밖의 caveat는 186·482 전용이라 189/190/491에는 적용 안 됨(Home Affairs 페이지).

Re-checked in October 2026: the assessing authority VETASSESS states that assessments for most occupations are based on ANZSCO 2013 as referenced in the legislation, and only the Core Skills stream of the 482 and the Direct Entry stream of the 186 align with ANZSCO 2022 and the CSOL.

टिप्पणी: CSOL이 189/190/491에 적용된다는 공식 공지·고시는 2026-10-23까지 찾지 못함(부재 근거는 이 항목이 아니라 063·아래 항목과 함께 해석). 062·063과 일치.

In his 17 September 2026 National Press Club speech the Home Affairs Minister said the points test has been redone with Treasury for the permanent skilled program and will let chosen skills such as the housing trades earn the same points as a university qualification on implementation, but gave no start date or new point values.

टिप्पणी: 시행일·점수표·직업 목록 변경(CSOL/ANZSCO 2022 이전 여부)은 연설에 없음. 106(예산서)의 start_date null과 이어지는 후속 공지 확인 결과. 2026-10-23 열람.

Under Ministerial Direction 122, in force from 19 September 2026, provisional and permanent skilled applications (including the 189, 190, 191 and 491) are processed first for construction, healthcare, teaching, agriculture, aquaculture, fishing and resources sectors or law enforcement and defence interests, then applicants in Australia at lodgement, then primary applicants outside Australia not combined with another application, then all others.

टिप्पणी: 2026-09-17 장관 발표(MD 119 개정)가 시행된 결과. 페이지 갱신일 2026-10-07. 189/190/491 처리 순서는 지시 122의 목록 순서. 지시문 원문(Federal Register)은 이 페이지에서 링크만 확인.

Program outcomes matched planning levels: Skilled Independent 32,100 in 2022-23, 30,375 in 2023-24 and 16,900 in 2024-25; State/Territory Nominated 31,000, 30,400 and 33,000; Skilled Regional 33,944, 32,300 and 32,948, with the 2025-26 planning levels at 16,900, 33,000 and 33,000.

टिप्पणी: 보고서 표 9. 거절률 등 189/190/491 단위의 승인·거절 통계는 이 보고서에 없음(전체 비자 거절률 약 7.0%만 게시).

The Home Affairs Legislation Amendment (2026 Measures No. 1) Regulations 2026 raise the first instalment of the visa application charge by 25 percent from 1 July 2026 for most visas in Schedule 1, with Pacific-regional and Timor-Leste concessions kept.

टिप्पणी: 031~038의 189/190/491 비자신청비(1차분)는 이 인상 이후 금액. 다음 연도(2027-07-01) 비자신청비 지수화 여부는 이 설명서에 직접 언급 없음(학생비자 등은 CPI 지수화 계속, TSMIT 첫 지수화일 2027-07-01).

In LIN 19/051 each authority is tied to named occupations: for example VETASSESS covers 242 of the 504 skilled occupations, TRA 93, the Medical Board of Australia 34, Engineers Australia 30, ACS 23 and ANMAC 20, while 37 other bodies cover between one and seven occupations each.

स्रोतहरूमा मतभेद छ: Home Affairs skilled occupation list page names Community Work Australia Limited as the assessing authority for community worker occupations, while the LIN 19/051 compilation of 28 March 2026 still names ACWA (Australian Community Workers Association Inc)

टिप्पणी: 기관별 코드 목록은 LIN s10AA 표와 Home Affairs 직업 목록의 심사기관 칸을 맞춘 것. 한 직업에 여러 기관이 있으면 각 기관 목록에 중복 포함. ACWA는 LIN 표기(홈어페어스 페이지는 Community Work Australia로 표기).

Under regulation 2.26B only a body approved by the Skills Assessment Minister for the occupation and countries can be specified by the Immigration Minister as the relevant assessing authority, and the approval can carry conditions that the two ministers agree.

टिप्पणी: 규정 편집본 289(2026-10-02).

ACS charges AUD 625 for the Qualification Only pathway and the Recognition of Prior Learning pathway, AUD 1,136 for Post Australian Study and AUD 1,498 for General Skills, with Level 1 and Level 2 appeals at AUD 516 and AUD 620.

टिप्पणी: 페이지 열람 2026-10-23. ACS는 수수료 변경 권한을 보유한다고 명시. 환불 정책은 별도 PDF.

ACS says an application needing no extra documents takes 4 to 6 weeks, treats any applicant with a visa deadline under 12 weeks away as priority at no charge, and does not require an English test for the skills assessment.

टिप्पणी: 연말 휴무(2026-12-21~2027-01-04) 때문에 2027-01 재개 후 최대 4주 지연이 더해질 수 있다고 공지. 열람 2026-10-23.

An ACS suitable assessment outcome letter is valid for 2 years, which is shorter than the ceiling Home Affairs sets on how old an assessment may be when the invitation is issued.

टिप्पणी: 초청 시점에 평가가 유효해야 하므로(003, reg 189.222) 기관이 정한 유효기간이 3년보다 짧으면 그 기간이 기준이 됨. | 3차 점검 2026-10-23: 이민부 상한 3년은 이 출처가 아니라 003(법령 189.222)에서 가져온 값이라 서술에서 숫자를 빼고 value에만 둠

ACS counts as skilled employment for points only the relevant work done after the Skill Level Requirement Met Date shown in the outcome letter, and the experience used to satisfy the suitability criteria is not counted, for example 2 of 4 post-degree years leaving 2 years.

टिप्पणी: 이 값이 점수 항목의 경력 연수(041·042)에서 공제되는 기간. 직업·경로마다 기간이 다름. 20시간 기준은 experience-evidence 페이지.

ACS accepts employment that is consistently paid for at least 20 hours a week, started after age 18 and performed at the skill level of the nominated ANZSCO occupation, and it needs a signed employment reference letter on company letterhead for each employer, or invoices with bank statements or tax records for self-employment.

टिप्पणी: 재직증명서 필수 항목(직책, 근무 형태, 주당 시간, 연봉, 근무지 등)은 employment-references 페이지(https://www.acs.org.au/msa/infohub/employment-references.html).

VETASSESS charges AUD 1,260.60 (AUD 1,146.00 for non-residents without GST) for a full skills assessment of a professional occupation, an extra AUD 949.30 for priority processing, and AUD 357.50 for qualification-only points test advice.

टिप्पणी: 열람 2026-10-23. GST 포함 금액은 호주 세무 거주자 기준.

VETASSESS gives about 7 weeks for a migration skills assessment of a professional occupation, 10 business days for priority processing once eligibility is confirmed (not offered for trades), and varying times for trade occupations set by the TRA program.

टिप्पणी: 열람 2026-10-23.

A suitable VETASSESS full skills assessment is usually valid for three years from the issue date, can be renewed online only before it expires, and once expired needs a new application at the full fee.

टिप्पणी: 갱신 시 자격 요건은 현재 기준으로 다시 심사. 열람 2026-10-23.

VETASSESS counts only paid work of at least 20 hours a week at the occupation's skill level and excludes the qualifying period used to meet the assessment criteria from the years it advises for points, with Group B needing five years and Groups C, D and F three years of earlier relevant work plus one highly relevant year.

टिप्पणी: 정확한 군(Group A~F) 분류는 직업별. 예시: 학사+고도 관련 직무 1년이면 qualifying period 1년, 그 이후 5년이 점수용(Date Deemed Skilled). 열람 2026-10-23.

Engineers Australia's migration skills assessment fees for the 2026 to 2027 period (GST-inclusive) are AUD 555.50 for a Washington/Sydney/Dublin Accord qualification, AUD 346.50 for an Australian accredited qualification and AUD 1,034 for a standard competency demonstration report, with a fast-track option at AUD 396.

टिप्पणी: 페이지 갱신일 2026-07-02. 고용 평가 추가분, PhD 평가 추가분, 심사·이의신청 수수료도 value에 일부 수록.

Engineers Australia says a standard migration skills assessment generally takes 15 weeks just to be assigned to an assessor, and that its outcome letter stays valid indefinitely with Engineers Australia while Home Affairs sets the visa validity.

टिप्पणी: 열람 2026-10-23. 배정까지의 시간이며 결과 통보 시점이 아님. | 3차 점검 2026-10-23: 이 페이지에는 신속 처리(20영업일) 문구가 없어(수수료·추가서비스 페이지에 있음) -219로 분리하고 이 항목에서 뺌

Under LIN 23/002 Trades Recognition Australia charges AUD 795 for a Migration Skills Assessment, AUD 450 for Migration Points Advice, AUD 1,120 for a TSS documentary evidence assessment, AUD 2,000 (Pathway 1) or AUD 900 (Pathway 2) for the TSS technical interview and AUD 2,200 for the practical assessment, with internal review at AUD 610 for a Migration Skills Assessment.

टिप्पणी: 2023-03-23 등록 고시(현재 유효). 기관 홈페이지의 현재 수수료와 다를 수 있어 TRA 사이트 별도 확인 필요(tradesrecognitionaustralia.gov.au는 열람 시 리디렉션).

Engineers Australia offers a paid fast-track option for a migration skills assessment under which an application can be assigned to an assessor within 20 business days, which does not promise when the outcome arrives.

टिप्पणी: 열람 2026-10-23. -217에서 분리(해당 페이지에는 신속 처리 문구가 없음). 배정까지의 시간이며 결과 통보 시점이 아님.

The Skills in Demand (SID) visa, subclass 482, began on 7 December 2024 and, according to Home Affairs' 2026 program report, is now the primary way Australia brings in temporary skilled workers.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-22 검증: 원문 인용에 없는 'TSS 대체' 표현 삭제(별도 페이지 근거)

The 482 visa has three streams: Specialist Skills for highly skilled migrants, Core Skills for targeted workforce needs, and Labour Agreement for employers who hold a labour agreement with the government.

Unless the nomination is in the Labour Agreement stream, a Skills in Demand nomination goes in the Specialist Skills stream when the occupation is in ANZSCO Major Group 1, 2, 4, 5 or 6 and the nominee's annual earnings (excluding non-monetary benefits) reach the specialist skills income threshold; otherwise it goes in the Core Skills stream, for an occupation on the Core Skills occupation list.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-23 2차 검증: reg 2.73(6) 원문 재확인: (a) 대분류 1·2·4·5·6 + 연봉 이상이면 Specialist, (b) 2.72(9) 고시 직업이고 (a)에 해당하지 않으면 Core. 기존 "Core가 기본" 표현을 조문 순서에 맞게 고침.

For the Specialist Skills stream the nominated occupation must match a six-digit ANZSCO code in Major Group 1, 2, 4, 5 or 6 (managers, professionals, community and personal service, clerical and administrative, and sales workers).

For the Core Skills stream the nominated occupation must appear on the Core Skills Occupation List, which the Minister specifies in a legislative instrument together with each occupation's six-digit ANZSCO code.

The Core Skills Occupation List was announced on 3 December 2024 and covers 456 occupations chosen using Jobs and Skills Australia labour market analysis and stakeholder consultation.

The 482 occupation instrument has a list of 16 "applicable circumstances" in which an occupation does not apply, such as clerical or bookkeeping positions, factory mass production, limited-service restaurants, mainly low-skilled tasks and some small-business or low-pay positions; for Core Skills only the circumstances numbered against that occupation in the list count, while for Specialist Skills any listed circumstance rules the occupation out.

टिप्पणी: 목록은 16개 항목. 일부 CSOL 직업에만 해당 번호가 붙어 있음(예: 일부 관리직은 연봉 AUD180,001 미만이면 제외). s 8은 같은 목록을 Specialist Skills 지명자에게도 적용. | 2026-10-23 검증: s 6(1)(b)·s 8(2) 대조: CSOL은 직업별로 번호가 붙은 상황만, Specialist는 목록 전체가 적용되도록 서술 보강

A mandatory skills assessment applies to 482 Specialist or Core Skills applicants who are not exempt: for the 23 trade occupations (such as chef, cook, electrician, carpenter and welder, assessed by Trades Recognition Australia) only holders of a passport from the countries listed for that occupation, and for Program or Project Administrator (VETASSESS) all passport holders; the assessment must have been made within the 3 years before the visa application.

टिप्पणी: 표에는 TRA 평가 직업과 VETASSESS의 program or project administrator(511112)가 있음. s 6~7에 면제 대상 있음. | 2026-10-22 검증: 기존 문장은 여권 조건 누락(IMMI 18/039 s 6의 국가 목록에 해당하는 여권 소지자만 대상), 규정 Sch 1 item 1240(3)(g)(iv)-(v)에 따라 평가 완료 또는 예약 후 미완료 허용. 면제: s 7 | 2026-10-23 검증: IMMI 18/039 s 6 항목 21(Program or Project Administrator)은 "All persons other than exempt applicants"라 여권 국가 제한이 없음(기존 문장은 24개 모두에 국가 제한을 적용). 항목 번호는 1~22, 24, 25(23 없음)로 총 24개, 그중 VETASSESS는 1개. 면제는 s 7(기존 457/482 소지자, 해외 모기업 파견, 자격·면허 보유 등; 항목 21은 s 7(4)의 AUD 180,000 이상 + 인증 스폰서 등) | 2026-10-23 2차 검증: 23은 표 s 5(2)의 항목 번호 1~22·24·25(23번 없음) 24개에서 VETASSESS 항목 21을 뺀 계산. "평가를 예약했으나 미완료인 경우 허용" 부분은 이 고시가 아니라 규정 Sch 1 item 1240(3)(g)(v)라서 employer-sponsored-226으로 분리. 고시는 등록부 API로 현행(Compilation 2, 2024-12-14, isCurrent) 확인.

For nominations lodged between 1 July 2026 and 30 June 2027 the Core Skills Income Threshold is AUD 79,423, which applies to Core Skills stream 482 nominations and to 186 nominations.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-23 검증: 내무부 salary-requirements 페이지(최종 수정 2026-09-21) 재확인: 482 Core Skills 신청과 186 지명(2024-12-07 이후 제출)에 CSIT 적용, 금액 표 일치

The earlier Core Skills Income Thresholds were AUD 76,515 for nominations lodged from 1 July 2025 to 30 June 2026 and AUD 73,150 for nominations lodged from 7 December 2024 to 30 June 2025.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-23 검증: 내무부 salary-requirements 표의 76,515·73,150 행 재확인

For nominations lodged between 1 July 2026 and 30 June 2027 the Specialist Skills Income Threshold is AUD 146,576; it applies only to the Specialist Skills stream.

The earlier Specialist Skills Income Thresholds were AUD 141,210 for nominations lodged from 1 July 2025 to 30 June 2026 and AUD 135,000 for nominations lodged from 7 December 2024 to 30 June 2025.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-23 검증: 내무부 salary-requirements 표의 141,210·135,000 행 재확인(2026-07-01 이후는 AUD146,576)

The compiled Migration Regulations define the temporary skilled migration income threshold, which the 494 Employer Sponsored nomination criteria refer to, as AUD 79,423, with a note that the amount is indexed under regulation 5.42A.

टिप्पणी: 규정 1.03 정의 아래 주석이 5.42A 물가연동을 가리킴. 5.42A의 indexation day는 "이 규정 시행 후 첫 7월 1일과 이후 매 7월 1일". 2026-07-01 이후 지명에 AUD 79,423이 적용된다는 근거는 내무부 salary-requirements 표(TSMIT 2026-07-01~2027-06-30 AUD79,423, 2025-26 76,515, 2024-25 73,150) | 2026-10-23 재검증: 2026-10-02 컴필레이션 본문에서 이전 서술의 "Sch 13 cl 16402(Part 164)"와 "첫 물가연동일 2027-07-01"을 찾지 못해 서술·value에서 뺌

The compiled regulations still print the CSIT as $73,150 and the SSIT as $135,000, which are the original December 2024 amounts; the indexed amounts in force come from regulation 5.42A and the Home Affairs notices, not from the printed figures.

स्रोतहरूमा मतभेद छ: 규정 본문 CSIT $73,150·SSIT $135,000 vs 내무부 2026-07-01 이후 CSIT AUD 79,423·SSIT AUD 146,576

टिप्पणी: 규정 본문의 정의는 "Note: This amount is indexed under regulation 5.42A"로 연동을 언급. 컴필레이션은 연동 금액을 반영하지 않음. 적용 금액은 별도 항목 참조. | 2026-10-23 검증: 2026-10-02 컴필레이션 정의(CSIT $73,150, SSIT $135,000)와 5.42A 주석 재확인. '2024년 12월 최초 금액'은 내무부 salary-requirements 표의 7 December 2024 행(CSIT AUD73,150, SSIT AUD135,000)과 일치

The income thresholds are indexed every 1 July, if the factor is above 1, by the ratio of average weekly ordinary time earnings (AWOTE) for the latest December quarter to the previous December quarter, worked to three decimal places and rounded to the nearest whole dollar.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-23 3차 검증: 5.42A(1)(2)(4)(6) 원문 재확인, 인용 추가

The threshold that applies is fixed by the date the nomination is lodged: Home Affairs says anyone lodging on or after 1 July must meet that year's income threshold, and the 2026 increase does not reach nominations lodged earlier.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-23 3차 검증: 내무부 급여 요건 페이지 재확인(최종 갱신 2026-09-21), 날짜 인용 추가

When pay is below the earnings exemption level, the employer must show the annual market salary rate was worked out correctly, that the worker is paid no less than that rate, and that both the rate and the worker's pay (excluding non-monetary benefits) meet the relevant income threshold.

The annual market salary rate and income threshold tests are not applied when the nominee's annual earnings will be AUD 250,000 or more.

टिप्पणी: 내무부 안내 페이지도 "annual salary less than AUD250,000"일 때 AMSR 증명을 요구한다고 설명. | 2026-10-23 검증: IMMI 18/033 s 5는 2024-12-07(F2024L01621)에 다시 쓰였고 시행일이 현행 금액 기준과 일치하는지 확인 못 해 effective를 비움(2026-07-01 컴필레이션 기준 AUD 250,000)

Where no industrial instrument covers the work, the annual market salary rate is the pay an equivalent Australian worker would get, shown through employment documents such as payslips or contracts, or through relevant information such as job ads and salary surveys.

Home Affairs says the TSMIT does not count non-monetary benefits such as accommodation or a car, so employers must pay such benefits on top of the threshold.

The Minister must approve a nomination under section 140GB if the labour market testing condition is met (unless the nominator is exempt), any nomination training contribution charge has been paid, the nominator is an approved work sponsor and the prescribed criteria are satisfied.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-23 2차 검증: s 140GB(2)(a)는 140GBA가 적용되는 경우에만 노동시장 테스트를 요구하고 140GBB·140GBC 면제를 허용함을 반영.

A 482 nomination must be lodged online with the approved form 482N and the AUD 330 nomination fee.

टिप्पणी: 표 열이 섞여 추출된 구간을 그대로 인용. 이 고시의 항목 5는 457·482 지명 수수료로 표기(등록부상 현행, 이후 개정 고시는 못 찾음). 규정 2.73(3)은 인터넷 제출을 요구. 내무부 수수료 안내 페이지로는 교차 확인 못 함. | 2026-10-22 검증: 내무부 'Cost of sponsoring' 페이지도 SID 482 지명 AUD330 안내(자동 대조 불가 페이지)

The employer proposes the length of stay in the nomination and it can be 1, 2, 3 or 4 years, unless that would conflict with Australia's international trade obligations.

A 482 visa holder can work for the sponsor for up to 4 years, or up to 5 years for a Hong Kong passport holder.

स्रोतहरूमा मतभेद छ: 내무부 employer 안내(explore-options-for-employers)는 482가 2~5년 체류를 허용한다고 적음; 규정은 지명 기간 1~4년(홍콩 5년)

टिप्पणी: 규정 482.511: 비자 기간 = 지명서에 적은 체류기간 끝까지, 홍콩 여권/BN(O) 소지자는 부여일부터 5년.

The sponsor must show the position is genuine and full-time, although the Minister can disregard the full-time requirement where that is reasonable in the circumstances.

Unless the occupation is on the exempt list, the worker must be engaged only as an employee under a written employment contract, and the sponsor must give the Minister a signed copy.

The sponsor's business must have the capacity to employ the nominee for at least the nomination period and to pay at least the annual market salary rate each year.

A nomination approval for the 482 (reg 2.75) or the 494 (reg 2.75B) lapses 12 months after it is given unless a visa application based on it is still undecided, and also lapses when the sponsor withdraws it or the nominee is granted the visa.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-22 검증: 482 승인은 2.75, 494 승인은 2.75B에 같은 12개월 규칙. 482는 nomination end day 소멸 사유도 있음 | 2026-10-23 2차 검증: 482 쪽 2.75(2)(c)는 TSS 또는 Skills in Demand 482를 받은 날, 494 쪽 2.75B(2)(d)는 494를 받은 날 소멸.

The nomination training contribution charge for a 482 nomination is AUD 1,200 per year of proposed stay when the sponsor's annual turnover is under AUD 10,000,000, and AUD 1,800 per year otherwise.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-22 검증: 내무부 'Cost of sponsoring' 페이지의 SAF levy 표(소규모 AUD1,200/년, 그 외 AUD1,800/년)와 일치

If a nomination for a stay of more than 1 year is approved and the nominee stops working for the nominator within a year of starting, the Minister may refund the training charge, less what a one-year nomination would have cost.

Labour market testing means a standard business sponsor must have tested the Australian labour market for the position within a set period and must satisfy the Minister that no suitably qualified Australian citizen, permanent resident or eligible temporary visa holder is readily available.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-22 검증: Act s 140GBA(3)(d): 호주 시민·영주권자 외에 eligible temporary visa holder도 확인 대상(기존 문장 누락). 대상 스폰서 범주는 reg 2.72AA(표준 사업체 스폰서)

The labour market testing must fall within the 4 months ending on the day the nomination is lodged, except for select positions.

The position must be advertised in English in at least two advertisements on a national recruitment website, national print media or national radio (or the website of an accredited sponsor).

Applications or expressions of interest for the advertised job must be accepted for at least 4 weeks from the date the first advertisement is published.

If the intended annual earnings for the position are under AUD 96,400, the advertisement must state the salary.

The evidence that must accompany a standard nomination is a copy of the advertising material; for select positions it is a written submission explaining why no suitably qualified local worker is readily available.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-22 검증: 감원(지난 4개월 호주 시민·영주권자 감원 정보 제출)은 Act s 140GBA(3)(b)(ii)의 별도 요건이라 문장에서 분리

Select positions are exempt from the standard advertising-based labour market testing and instead need a written submission explaining why no suitable Australian or eligible visa holder is readily available. They include jobs paying AUD 250,000 or more a year, roles needing internationally recognised exceptional achievement in sport, academia and research or as a top-talent chef, medical practitioners in ANZSCO minor group 253 other than GPs and medical practitioners nec, and ambulance officers and paramedics.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-22 검증: select position에는 해외 모기업 소속 직원의 계열사 지명, 소득·사업구조 변경으로 새로 낸 지명 등도 포함(LIN 18/036 s 4) | 2026-10-23 검증: 내무부 Labour market testing 페이지(최종 수정 2026-09-21)의 'Alternative requirements'와 대조: select position은 광고 요건이 면제되는 것이지 증빙이 없어지는 것이 아니라 서면 의견서로 대체됨(LIN 18/036 s 6(2), s 7(2), s 9(2)). 이전 서술의 '노동시장 테스트가 필요 없다'는 과장이라 고침

Separately, the Act exempts nominations for specified occupations from labour market testing when the job needs a relevant bachelor degree or 5 years of experience, or a diploma-level qualification or 3 years of experience.

टिप्पणी: 면제 직업 목록은 140GBC(4)에 따른 별도 고시. 이 장부에서는 목록 미확인.

Home Affairs describes labour market testing as advertising the position in Australia for at least 4 weeks in at least two advertisements.

A 482 applicant in the Core Skills or Specialist Skills stream needs work experience in the nominated occupation or a related field amounting to at least 12 months full-time in the 5 years before applying; part-time and casual work can count if it adds up to that.

Home Affairs states the Core Skills stream requirement as at least 1 year of relevant experience, which may be full-time, part-time or casual within the last 5 years and need not be continuous.

Applicants outside the exempt groups must take an approved English test and reach the required score in each of the four components; for IELTS (Academic or General Training) that is 5.0 in listening, reading, writing and speaking.

टिप्पणी: 승인 시험 8종: CELPIP General, IELTS Academic, IELTS General Training, LANGUAGECERT Academic, MET, OET, PTE Academic, TOEFL iBT. 점수표는 PDF 표라 열이 섞여 추출됨.

Eight English tests are approved for the 482: CELPIP General, IELTS Academic, IELTS General Training, LANGUAGECERT Academic, Michigan English Test, Occupational English Test, PTE Academic and TOEFL iBT.

The English test must have been taken no more than 3 years before the applicant gives the evidence, and a single sitting is expected unless a component is re-sat.

Citizens who hold a passport from Canada, New Zealand, Ireland, the United Kingdom or the United States are exempt from the 482 English test, as are people with 5 years of full-time study in English-medium secondary or higher education.

Other 482 English exemptions cover jobs at foreign diplomatic missions, applicants whose licence or registration already required equivalent English, and intra-company transferees earning at least AUD 96,400 from an overseas company.

A 482 applicant must have adequate arrangements for health insurance covering the whole period of the intended stay in Australia.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-23 2차 검증: "비자 조건이기도 하다"는 부분은 이 조항(482.214)이 아니라 482.612·조건 8501(별도 권 Sch 8)이라 삭제. 조건 8501은 employer-sponsored-209, fees-charges-068에 있음.

An applicant fails the paying-for-sponsorship test if, in the previous 3 years, they asked for, offered, received or provided a benefit in return for a sponsorship event, unless the Minister thinks it reasonable to disregard it.

In the Labour Agreement stream the work must be covered by a work agreement between the Minister and the employer; the applicant shows experience either with at least 12 months of relevant full-time-equivalent work in the 5 years before applying or with the period the agreement specifies, and the agreement also sets the skills and language requirements.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-23 검증: cl 482.242는 (a) 5년 내 12개월(풀타임 환산) 또는 (b) 협약이 정한 기간의 택일이며 기존 "기본값" 표현은 부정확해 수정 | 2026-10-23 3차 검증: 482.242·482.242A·482.243 재확인, 인용 추가

Labour agreements let approved businesses sponsor overseas workers when the need cannot be met locally and standard visa programs do not fit; they generally last five years and sit under the 482, 186 and 494 programs.

For a 482 application that is not in a nil-charge class or the Pacific-regional group, the first-instalment charge is AUD 4,015 as the base charge, AUD 4,015 for each additional applicant aged 18 or over and AUD 1,005 for each under 18; the second instalment is nil.

टिप्पणी: 2차 납부금(second instalment)은 nil. 숫자 표기는 규정 PDF의 "$4 015"(공백). | 2026-10-23 검증: 규정 Sch 1 item 1240(Skills in Demand, Class GK)의 (iii) 표로 확인. 규정 PDF의 천 단위 표기가 '$4 015'(공백)라 check-numbers가 4,015로 대조하지 못함 | 2026-10-23 2차 검증: item 1240(2)(a)(i)은 시행규칙 고시로 정한 집단에 대해 1차 납부금 nil이라 문장에 "무료 대상 집단 제외"를 명시. 규정 PDF는 천 단위를 공백("$4 015")으로 적어 check-numbers가 못 읽으므로, 같은 표 행을 쉼표 표기로 추가 인용(정규화하면 동일). 금액·행은 Sch 1 표와 일치.

Applicants whose passport comes from a Pacific-regional country pay a lower 482 first-instalment charge: AUD 3,290 base, AUD 3,290 per additional adult and AUD 825 per additional child.

टिप्पणी: 내무부 안내: 2026-07-01부터 Pacific Island·Timor-Leste 시민에게 낮은 비용 적용(Timor-Leste 포함 13개국 여권). | 2026-10-23 검증: 규정 Sch 1 item 1240 (ii) 표로 확인(Pacific-regional country 여권 소지 주신청자와 결합 신청 등). 규정 PDF의 천 단위 표기가 '$3 290'(공백)이라 check-numbers가 3,290으로 대조하지 못함 | 2026-10-23 2차 검증: 이 낮은 요율은 item 1240(2)(a)(ii)에 따라 결합 신청·태평양 여권 소지자의 가족 등에도 적용. 규정 PDF는 천 단위를 공백("$4 015")으로 적어 check-numbers가 못 읽으므로, 같은 표 행을 쉼표 표기로 추가 인용(정규화하면 동일). 금액·행은 Sch 1 표와 일치.

From 1 July 2026 the lower visa cost applies to eligible citizens of Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Kiribati, Nauru, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Marshall Islands, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tuvalu and Vanuatu, and the primary applicant's passport decides it for the family.

A 482 applicant may be inside or outside Australia but not in immigration clearance, and an applicant in Australia must hold a substantive visa or a Bridging A, B or C visa.

The primary applicant's application must identify an employer nomination, which is either approved and still in force or not yet decided, and the nominator must not be barred as a sponsor.

For a first-time 457/482 applicant the family members who can be included are the partner, dependent children and stepchildren, and the dependent children of those children; they must be on the main applicant's nomination, or the sponsor must agree in writing that they can be secondary sponsored persons.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-23 검증: 인용이 가족 범위가 아닌 건강·인성 요건 문장이어서 지명 포함/서면 동의 문장으로 교체, 기존 457/482 소지자에게는 다른 가족 범위(23세 미만 등)가 있어 적용 대상을 처음 신청하는 경우로 한정

The 482 visa holder may work only in the nominated occupation and only for the sponsor, or in a position in the sponsor's business or an associated entity, unless the occupation is on an exempt list.

The 482 holder must start work within 90 days of arriving in Australia (if granted offshore) or within 90 days of the grant (if granted in Australia).

टिप्पणी: 규정 본문은 "Subject to subclause (6), the holder must commence work within:"로 시작. 인용은 줄바꿈된 본문을 이어 붙임.

A 482 or 494 holder may go without working in the nominated occupation for the sponsor for at most 180 consecutive days at a time, and for no more than 365 days in total during the visa period.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-23 2차 검증: 조문은 "(1)·(2)에 따라 일하지 않는" 일수(지명 직업·스폰서 기준)를 세므로 표현을 정확히 맞춤.

Skilled visa applications are now processed under Ministerial Direction 121 for temporary skilled visas such as the 482, and Direction 122 for provisional and permanent skilled visas such as the 186 and 494; both took effect on 19 September 2026 and replaced Direction 119.

Under Direction 121, 482 applications go in this order: priority sectors (construction, healthcare, teaching, agriculture, aquaculture, fishing, resources, law enforcement and defence), then the Specialist Skills stream, then onshore applicants, then offshore applicants not combined with another person, then all others.

A standard business sponsor approval ends 5 years after the day it is granted, except that an overseas business sponsor's approval ends earlier if a later approval of that sponsor starts.

टिप्पणी: 내무부 standard-business-sponsor 안내도 "5 years from the date we approve the sponsorship"로 같은 내용. | 2026-10-23 2차 검증: "표준 사업체 스폰서가 482·494 근로자를 스폰서할 수 있다"는 문장은 reg 2.63A(4)가 아니라 내무부 안내라서 employer-sponsored-225로 분리.

To be approved as a standard business sponsor a business must be lawfully operating, have no unresolved adverse information, and, if it operates in Australia, state in writing that it has a strong record of employing local labour and will not discriminate in recruitment.

The application to become a standard business sponsor carries a fee of AUD 420, and Home Affairs will not process it until the fee is paid.

टिप्पणी: 이 고시의 표 열이 섞여 추출됨(항목 2). 수수료 $420은 같은 표의 항목 1·2 모두 해당. HA 안내: 수수료 납부 전 미처리. | 2026-10-22 검증: 내무부 'Cost of sponsoring'·standard business sponsor 페이지도 SID 482 승인 스폰서 신청 AUD420 안내

A sponsor must provide terms and conditions of employment no less favourable than those given to Australians doing equivalent work at the same location, and the worker's earnings must be at least what the sponsor indicated when the nomination was approved.

The equivalent-terms obligation does not apply to a standard business sponsor when the worker's annual earnings reach the earnings-exemption amount the Minister has set by legislative instrument.

टिप्पणी: 금액 AUD 250,000은 IMMI 18/033 s 5(항목 019)가 2.79(1A)(b)의 지정 금액으로 정함. 이 항목의 근거 규정에는 금액이 없어 숫자는 문장에서 빼고 value·한국어 설명에만 둠. | 2026-10-23 3차 검증: 2.79(1A)·2.79A(2) 재확인

A sponsor must tell Home Affairs within 28 days when key events happen, such as the worker's employment ending, and must keep sponsorship records until 2 years after it stops being an approved sponsor with no sponsored workers, though never more than 5 years.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-23 검증: 28일(reg 2.84(6) 표 항목 1)·2년(reg 2.82(4)) 근거를 quotes에 추가

A sponsor must not pass on to the worker, or take back from them, the costs of becoming a sponsor, the nomination fee and training charge, or the recruitment costs tied to the nomination, including migration agent costs.

The Employer Nomination Scheme (186) is a permanent visa with three streams, Temporary Residence Transition, Direct Entry and Labour Agreement, and every stream needs an employer to nominate the position.

The 186 is a permanent visa that lets the holder travel to and enter Australia for 5 years from the date of grant.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-22 검증: 원문에 없는 Resident Return 비자 언급 삭제

In the TRT stream the applicant must have held a 457 or 482 visa (including a Skills in Demand visa) for a total of at least 2 years in the 3 years before applying, unless the Minister has set different periods for specified groups.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-23 3차 검증: 186.226(1)(2) 재확인

The TRT applicant must also have worked at least 2 years full-time in Australia for an approved work sponsor within those 3 years, not counting unpaid leave, in an occupation for which the held 457/482 visas were granted.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-22 검증: 186.227(3): 장관이 고시로 기간을 달리 정할 수 있고, 186.227(2)는 2.72(13) 지정 직업에는 풀타임 요건이 없음 | 2026-10-23 3차 검증: 186.226·186.227 재확인

For a TRT nomination the identified person must hold a 457, 482 or an eligible bridging visa when the application is made, the nominated occupation must be the occupation of their most recent 457/482 visa, and the nominator must be the sponsor who last nominated them.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-23 3차 검증: 5.19(5)(a)(b)(h) 재확인

In the TRT and Direct Entry streams the visa application must be made no more than 6 months after the nomination was approved.

A 186 applicant in the Temporary Residence Transition or Direct Entry stream must usually be under 45 at the time of application, unless they belong to a class of persons the Minister has specified.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-23 3차 검증: 186.221·186.231 재확인(면제 집단은 LIN 19/216 s 6, 항목 188·229 참조)

The age-45 limit for the TRT stream does not apply to academics, certain scientists and researchers, regional doctors, 457/482 workers who earned above the high income threshold for two years, people who held a 457 (or applied for one) on 18 April 2017 and are under 50, and legacy 457 workers (a class limited to applications made by 30 June 2024, so now closed).

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-23 검증: LIN 19/216 s 5: legacy 457 worker는 2024-06-30 이전 신청으로 한정되어 현재 신청자에는 해당 없음을 서술에 반영

A 186 applicant in the Temporary Residence Transition or Direct Entry stream must have competent English when applying, unless they belong to a class of persons the Minister has specified.

टिप्पणी: 지정 집단이 실제로 있는지(영어 면제 없음)는 LIN 19/216 s 6을 읽은 별도 항목 229에서 다룸. 내무부 TRT 페이지의 '2019-11-16부터 면제 없음' 문구는 원문 대조 대상이 아님. | 2026-10-23 3차 검증: 186.222·186.232 재확인, 고시 서술은 항목 229로 분리

Competent English means reaching the Schedule 2 minimum in every component, for example IELTS 6 in each, PTE Academic 47 listening, 48 reading, 51 writing and 54 speaking, or OET 290, 310, 290 and 330; passport holders from Canada, New Zealand, Ireland, the UK and the US are treated as having it.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-22 검증: 기존 문장의 PTE 각 50·OET B는 2025-08-07 이전에 본 시험에 적용하는 경과 규정(s 10(5))의 값이라 현행 Schedule 2 점수로 교체. 점수표는 PDF 열 추출이라 순서(CELPIP, IELTS A/GT, LANGUAGECERT, MET, OET, PTE, TOEFL)로 확인. 시험은 신청일(초청받았다면 초청일) 전 3년 이내(reg 1.15C) | 2026-10-23 검증: Schedule 2 item 2(Competent) 행을 열 순서(C1, CELPIP, IELTS Academic, IELTS GT, LANGUAGECERT, MET, OET, PTE, TOEFL)대로 다시 읽어 IELTS 6, PTE 47/48/51/54, OET 290/310/290/330 확인. Schedule 3 여권: 캐나다·뉴질랜드·아일랜드·영국·미국

In the Direct Entry stream the applicant must have worked at least 3 years full-time in the nominated occupation at the skill level it requires.

A Direct Entry applicant needs a suitable skills assessment from the relevant assessing authority, not an assessment made for a 485 visa, and it must still be valid or issued no more than 3 years before the application.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-23 3차 검증: 186.234(2) 재확인(나이·경력 3년 요건과 (3) 면제 집단은 별도)

Direct Entry applicants are exempt from the age limit and the skills and experience tests if nominated as academics or science staff, and a 444 or 461 visa holder who worked two of the last three years for the nominating employer is also exempt.

The 186 Direct Entry stream uses the same Core Skills Occupation List as the 482, with a named assessing authority for each occupation, and the same applicable-circumstances rules can switch an occupation off.

For the 186 Temporary Residence Transition and Direct Entry streams the employer must show a genuine need for the job, full-time employment for at least 2 years, no clause excluding extension, and the capacity to pay at least the annual market salary rate each year; for some occupations listed by the Minister the Temporary Residence Transition need, full-time and extension tests are waived.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-22 검증: Labour Agreement 스트림(5.19(14))에는 이 요건이 없고 협약 조건을 따름. TRT는 2.72(13) 지정 직업에 대해 일부 면제(5.19(7)) | 2026-10-23 3차 검증: 5.19(5)(7)(9) 재확인

For the 186 Temporary Residence Transition and Direct Entry streams, when the worker's pay is below the earnings exemption amount set by the Minister, both the annual market salary rate and the worker's pay excluding non-monetary benefits must be at least the Core Skills Income Threshold, the same standard as the 482 Core Skills stream.

टिप्पणी: 현재 금액은 CSIT 항목(salary-requirements 페이지) 참조: 2026-07-01 이후 지명은 AUD 79,423. | 2026-10-23 검증: reg 5.19(7)·(9)가 reg 2.72(15)를 186에 준용(2.72(15)(a) 제외, (b) 면제 조건은 유지)하고 (d)의 기준을 core skills income threshold로 바꿔 읽도록 함

The 186 nomination fee is AUD 540 for the Direct Entry (Employer Nomination Scheme) route and for a Temporary Residence Transition or Labour Agreement job outside regional Australia; no fee is payable when a Temporary Residence Transition or Labour Agreement position is in regional Australia.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-23 검증: reg 5.37(2)~(4). Direct Entry는 5.19(10)(ENS) 540, 5.19(12)(RSMS, 187) 무료

The nomination training contribution charge for a 186 nomination is a single AUD 3,000 if the sponsor's annual turnover is under AUD 10,000,000, and AUD 5,000 otherwise, with no charge for minister of religion or religious assistant occupations in the Labour Agreement stream.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-22 검증: 내무부 'Cost of sponsoring' 페이지의 SAF levy 표(ENS/SESR 일시납 AUD3,000 / AUD5,000)와 일치

The first-instalment charge for a 186 application is AUD 6,140 for the main applicant, AUD 3,070 for each extra applicant aged 18 or over and AUD 1,535 for each under 18; applicants with a Pacific-regional passport pay AUD 5,035, AUD 2,515 and AUD 1,260.

टिप्पणी: 내무부 186 안내 페이지도 "From AUD6,140.00" 표시. Pacific 요율은 $5 035 / $2 515 / $1 260. | 2026-10-23 검증: 금액은 2026-10-02 컴필레이션과 내무부 186 페이지("From AUD6,140") 기준. 규정 본문에 시행일이 없어 effective를 비움 | 2026-10-23 검증: 규정 Sch 1 item 1114B(Class EN) 표로 재확인. 규정 PDF의 천 단위 표기가 '$6 140'(공백)이라 check-numbers가 6,140 등으로 대조하지 못함 | 2026-10-23 2차 검증: 금액은 1차 납부금(first instalment)만이고 item 1114B(2)(b)에 영어 수준에 따른 2차 납부금(주신청자 $9 800 등)이 따로 있음. 규정 PDF는 천 단위를 공백("$4 015")으로 적어 check-numbers가 못 읽으므로, 같은 표 행을 쉼표 표기로 추가 인용(정규화하면 동일). 금액·행은 Sch 1 표와 일치.

For the 186 and 494 visas, a second instalment of AUD 9,800 for the main applicant and AUD 4,890 for each adult family member applies when an applicant aged 18 or over is assessed as not having functional English, and it is not charged to ministers of religion.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-23 검증: 186은 Sch 1 item 1114B, 494는 item 1242의 second instalment 표(186은 '$9 800' 공백 표기, 494는 '$9,800'). 186은 종교인 외에 186.311(3)~(5) 요건 충족자도 nil

A 186 applicant may be in or outside Australia but not in immigration clearance, and must declare that the position was nominated under regulation 5.19; the 186 nomination itself is made online with form 1395.

In the Direct Entry and Labour Agreement streams, a 186 applicant who held a regional provisional visa (or whose last substantive visa was such a visa) must have held it for at least 3 years at the time of applying, unless the Minister has set an exception (a labour agreement can set a shorter period).

टिप्पणी: regional provisional visa는 이민규정 1.03 정의로 491 또는 494(1권 본문, 이 항목 출처 2권에는 정의 없음). | 2026-10-23 3차 검증: 186.232A·186.241A 재확인, 문장에서 491/494 번호는 정의가 다른 권에 있어 한국어에만 둠

In the 186 Labour Agreement stream the employer must be a party to a labour agreement in force that names the occupation, and the number of approved nominations must stay below the agreement's yearly limit.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-23 3차 검증: 5.19(14) 재확인

Under Direction 122, 186 and 494 applications go in this order: priority sectors (construction, healthcare, teaching, agriculture, aquaculture, fishing, resources, law enforcement and defence), then onshore applicants, then offshore applicants not combined with another person, then all others.

टिप्पणी: 지시 122 적용 대상 목록에 186, 187, 189, 190, 191, 489, 491, 494, 887, 888이 함께 있음. 인용은 그 목록의 494 항목.

For a primary applicant, the 494 is a temporary provisional visa that lets the holder travel to, enter and remain in Australia for 5 years from the date of grant.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-23 2차 검증: 494.511(2): 2020-02-01~2021-12-14 사이 유효했고 해외에 있었으며 2022-02-18에도 유효한 비자는 8년(코로나 경과 규정). 가족(2차)은 494.512에 따라 주신청자 비자 부여일부터 5년.

Which places count as regional is set by postcode in an instrument: designated cities and major regional centres, and regional centres and other regional areas, are listed by postcode for each state and territory, and the same instrument supplies the "regional Australia" test used for 186 nominations.

टिप्पणी: 시드니·멜버른·브리즈번 권역 우편번호는 표에 없음(내무부 안내와 일치). 시행 후 개정이 있었는지는 이 장부에서 미확인 — 2022-03-02 등록본 기준.

During the regional residency period, a 494 holder must live, work and study only in a part of Australia that was a designated regional area when the relevant nomination was made.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-23 3차 검증: 조건 8579(2) 재확인

A 494 Employer Sponsored nomination must be for a position in a designated regional area, from a standard business sponsor that is not an overseas business sponsor, for a genuine full-time job likely to exist for at least 5 years.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-23 3차 검증: 2.72C(5)(6)(12) 재확인((5)(a)의 표준 스폰서 요건은 Employer Sponsored 스트림 기준, (12)는 두 스트림 공통)

The employment terms must not expressly rule out extending the job, and a regional certifying body for the area must advise whether the worker will be paid at least the annual market salary rate.

For a 494 Employer Sponsored nomination where pay is below the earnings exemption amount, the annual market salary rate and the worker's pay (excluding non-monetary benefits) must both be at least the temporary skilled migration income threshold, which is AUD 79,423 in the regulations.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-23 검증: reg 2.72C(15)(b)(d)(f). 규정 정의의 AUD 79,423은 salary-requirements 표의 2026-27 TSMIT와 일치

The occupations a 494 nomination can use are those on the Medium and Long-term Strategic Skills List or the Regional Occupation List set out in the 494 occupation instrument.

The nomination training contribution charge for a nomination of a new 494 applicant is AUD 3,000 if the sponsor's annual turnover is under AUD 10,000,000 and AUD 5,000 otherwise, while a nomination for someone who already holds a 494 pays that amount reduced pro rata by the whole years already elapsed since the grant.

टिप्पणी: Charges Regulations s 5A(2)(3): 기존 비자 소지자는 base x (5-경과연수)/5, 노동협약 스트림의 종교인 직업은 nil(s 5A(4)). 494 지명서 제출 수수료 nil은 별도 항목(employer-sponsored-222)으로 분리 | 2026-10-23 검증: 서술에서 지명 수수료 내용을 분리하고 s 5A 원문 인용 추가

The first-instalment charge for a 494 application is AUD 6,140 for the main applicant, AUD 3,070 for each extra adult and AUD 1,535 for each child; applicants with a Pacific-regional passport pay AUD 5,035, AUD 2,515 and AUD 1,260.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-23 검증: 금액은 2026-10-02 컴필레이션과 내무부 494 페이지(2026-09-24 수정, "From AUD6,140.00")로 확인. 규정 본문에 시행일이 없어 effective를 비움 | 2026-10-23 검증: 규정 Sch 1 item 1242(Class PE) 표 재확인. 천 단위 표기가 '$6 140'(공백)이라 check-numbers가 6,140 등으로 대조하지 못함 | 2026-10-23 2차 검증: 금액은 1차 납부금(first instalment)만이고 item 1242(2)(b)에 영어 수준에 따른 2차 납부금이 따로 있음. 규정 PDF는 천 단위를 공백("$4 015")으로 적어 check-numbers가 못 읽으므로, 같은 표 행을 쉼표 표기로 추가 인용(정규화하면 동일). 금액·행은 Sch 1 표와 일치.

In the 494 Employer Sponsored stream the applicant must be under 45, have competent English, and have been employed in the nominated occupation for at least 3 years full-time at the required skill level, unless the Minister has set an exemption.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-23 3차 검증: 494.223·494.225·494.226 재확인

The 494 applicant needs a suitable skills assessment that was not made for a 485 visa and is still valid or no older than 3 years, unless they held a 457 or 482 for that occupation that already required such an assessment.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-23 3차 검증: 494.224(2)(4) 재확인(경력·평가 면제 집단은 LIN 19/216 s 8, 항목 188)

The 494 age limit does not apply to academics, regional doctors, science staff, 444/461 visa holders who worked for the employer, and 457/482 workers who earned above the high income threshold.

The subclass 191 visa gives 494 holders (and 491 holders) an independent route to permanent residence once they meet the three-year regional residence and other requirements, including tax assessment notices for 3 income years showing at least the specified taxable income.

टिप्पणी: 191의 소득 기준 금액·세부는 skilled-189-190-491 장부(항목 095~098)에서 다룸. 규정 191.222(1)-(2): 3개 relevant income year의 평가서 + 지정 금액 이상 과세소득. 내무부 494 안내 페이지도 "apply for permanent residence after you have held your 494 visa for 3 years"라고 안내.

A 494 worker must work only in the nominated occupation and only in the sponsor's business or an associated entity, must start within 90 days, and must tell Home Affairs within 14 days of changes to residential address, email, phone, passport details, employer's address or work location.

The permanent Migration Program sets the Employer-Sponsored category at 58,040 places for the program year starting 1 July 2026, up from 44,000 in each of the years before.

टिप्पणी: 지역(Regional) 부문은 33,000→14,110으로 줄었고 주·준주 지명은 35,500(별도 장부). | 2026-10-23 검증: 브라우저로 라이브 페이지 재확인: 최종 수정 2026-09-21, 표 수치(44,000/44,000/58,040) 동일 | 2026-10-23 검증: 연도 표기(2024-25 등)는 표 머리글의 en dash가 HTML 엔티티로 저장돼 인용으로 못 잡아 서술을 "2026-07-01 시작 연도·그 전 두 해"로 바꿈. 열 순서는 표 머리글 2024–25, 2025–26, 2026–27

Temporary skilled visa holders in Australia numbered 215,768 at 31 December 2025, 29.3 per cent more than a year earlier.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-23 검증: 행정 편람 16판(2026-06) para 56: 166,830(2024-12-31)→215,768(2025-12-31), 29.3% 증가

Applications lodged for the 494 visa were 5,240 in 2024-25 and 2,575 in the first half of 2025-26, compared with 3,165 in 2021-22.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-23 검증: Table 12 열 순서 2021–22, 2022–23, 2023–24, 2024–25, 2025–26 to 31 December 확인

Home Affairs says a 482 holder's employer may be able to sponsor them for permanent residence through the Employer Nomination Scheme (186), which is the main permanent pathway it points a Core Skills holder to; it is not automatic.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-23 검증: 원문은 "may be able to"라 "경로"로 단정한 표현을 완화

A company-specific labour agreement is meant for an employer whose skills need is not already covered by an industry agreement or a DAMA and whose occupations are not available in the standard skilled programs, and the positions must sit at ANZSCO skill level 1 to 4.

टिप्पणी: Category 3(그 밖의 지역) 사업장은 예외적으로 숙련 수준 5에 해당하는 직위도 고려 가능.

A company-specific labour agreement is a temporary measure: the employer must show that overseas workers will not exceed one-third of its total workforce and that it has a plan to train and employ Australians instead.

स्रोतहरूमा मतभेद छ: The December 2021 labour agreement guide (Home Affairs PDF) instead set caps by location: 30 per cent in Category 1 areas, 50 per cent in Category 2 and no limit in Category 3.

टिप्पणी: 현행 페이지는 3분의 1, 2021년 12월 가이드는 지역별 30%/50%/무제한으로 서로 다름. 현행 페이지 기준으로 기록.

To request a company-specific labour agreement the business must be a registered Australian business in good standing that has been operating lawfully for at least 12 months, show financial viability through a statement from a chartered or certified practising accountant, and have no adverse information against it.

Before lodging a company-specific request the employer must consult the industry body, the relevant union and any affected community group, giving them 10 working days to respond and a further 5 working days after a follow-up if there is no reply, and requests without this consultation are returned unassessed.

A company-specific agreement can request concessions to the standard visa rules on English language, age (where relevant), salary and work experience, but the department says requests for more than the template's example concessions are unlikely to be approved and none may create unequal pay or conditions versus Australians.

The company-specific agreement template gives no salary concession in Category 1 and 2 locations and a 10 per cent reduction of the income threshold (written there as TSMIT or CSIT) only in Category 3 regional locations.

टिप्पणी: 템플릿 문서에 날짜가 없고 TSMIT 용어가 남아 있어 예시로만 사용. 실제 협약은 협상 결과를 따름. | 2026-10-23 검증: Schedule 2 Item 3 원문 재확인(Category 1·2 Nil, Category 3 10%)

In the company-specific template the English concession is IELTS overall 5.0 with no minimum in any band for the 482 and 494 in Category 2 and 3 locations, with no concession in Category 1 locations or for the 186, and never where registration or licensing demands more.

टिप्पणी: 예시 템플릿 기준. DAMA·업종별 협약은 값이 다름. | 2026-10-23 검증: Schedule 4 Item 2(English Language) 재확인. 템플릿의 SID=482, SESR=494, ENS=186

The company-specific labour agreement template lets the 186 and 494 age limit be set at under 55 at the time of the visa application for nominees in Category 2 and 3 locations, with nil concessions in Category 1 locations.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-23 2차 검증: 템플릿 정의: ENS=186, SESR=494. 특례는 "Category 2·3 지역"에 붙으며 기존 문장의 "Category 2·3 사업체"를 지역으로 바로잡음.

For the 494 the company-specific template allows the relevant work experience requirement to be set at 2 years in Category 2 and 3 locations, with nil concessions in Category 1 locations.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-23 2차 검증: "표준 3년" 비교는 템플릿이 아니라 규정(494.235(2) 등)에서 오므로 문장에서 뺌(employer-sponsored-145, 107 참조).

Under the template, a Category 2 business shows at least two separate labour market testing attempts with national reach, and a Category 3 business at least two attempts of which one is national and one may be local, all carried out in the 12 months before nomination.

टिप्पणी: Category 1은 표준 노동시장 검증과 같은 수준의 증빙 필요.

The company-specific template allows a 186 nomination only for a worker who has been employed directly by the sponsor full-time in the nominated occupation as a 457 or 482 holder for at least three years before the nomination.

टिप्पणी: 표준 TRT(2년/3년 중)보다 긴 3년으로, 협약마다 다를 수 있는 예시값. | 2026-10-23 3차 검증: 템플릿 Item 2와 ENS 정의 재확인

A DAMA has two tiers: a five-year head agreement between the Commonwealth and a Designated Area Representative for a defined region, and individual DAMA labour agreements with endorsed employers under that head agreement, which are generally in effect for five years.

An employer must first win endorsement from the Designated Area Representative and only then lodge a labour agreement request online in ImmiAccount, and a DAMA will not be endorsed where the industry is already covered by an Industry Labour Agreement.

At 31 December 2025 thirteen DAMAs were in effect: four state or territory-led (two in South Australia, one in Western Australia, one in the Northern Territory) and nine regional ones in Far North Queensland, Townsville, Pilbara, Kimberley, South West, Goldfields, Great South Coast, Goulburn Valley and Orana, and the government is moving regional DAMAs to state and territory leadership.

The Commonwealth confirmed on 3 July 2026 that employers can keep using the Goldfields DAMA until 31 December 2026, an example of a regional DAMA being extended while the transition to state-led arrangements is worked out.

The South Australian DAMA offers a reduced income threshold of 90 per cent of the TSMIT or CSIT for eligible occupations, an age limit of under 55 at nomination for the 186 and 494, and reduced English such as IELTS 5.0 with 4.0 in each band for the 482 and 494, but the concessions vary by occupation and are listed in the DAMA occupation list.

टिप्पणी: DAMA 협약마다 특례 수치가 다름(남호주 기준 예시). 일반적으로 면허·등록이 더 높은 영어를 요구하면 영어 특례는 적용되지 않음. | 2026-10-23 2차 검증: 페이지 재확인: 90%는 TSMIT/CSIT, 나이는 ENS(186)·SESR(494) 지명 시점 55세 미만, 영어 5.0/4.0은 SESR(494)·SID(482), ENS(186)는 5.0/4.5(value에만 기재).

Industry Labour Agreements carry fixed terms and built-in concessions for one sector, and at 31 December 2025 there were 10 head agreements (advertising, aged care, dairy, fishing, horticulture, meat, minister of religion, on-hire, pork and restaurant) with 1,600 industry agreements approved for employers.

The Aged Care Industry Labour Agreement is growing: by 31 December 2025 there were 161 agreements in effect, 3,279 primary visas granted and 2,520 primary temporary visa holders in Australia under it.

The Pacific Australia Labour Mobility scheme is not one of the labour agreement types: Home Affairs treats it as its own temporary program, with subclass 403 visas, that lets eligible businesses hire workers from nine Pacific Island countries and Timor-Leste.

टिप्पणी: 본문에서는 PALM이 별도 섹션으로 다뤄짐. 403 스트림 세부는 이 주제 밖(DEWR·palmscheme.gov.au).

Getting a labour agreement is a three-stage sequence: an online request in ImmiAccount (no fee), then, once an agreement is signed, nominations of positions within the agreement's yearly ceilings, and finally the worker's visa application.

टिप्पणी: 2021년 12월판 안내서(TSS 용어)라 단계 구조만 사용. 현행 페이지는 요청 비용 없음, 지명·비자 단계에서 비용 발생이라고 설명.

After lodgement the department assesses the request against its procedural instruction, may return incomplete requests unassessed, expects information within 7 or 14 calendar days when asked, and expects the signed agreement back within four weeks, after which it runs for five years.

टिप्पणी: 2021년 12월판 안내서. 처리 기간 자체는 공표하지 않는다고 같은 문서에 적혀 있음.

A signed agreement sets yearly nomination ceilings per occupation and visa type, and an employer wanting ceilings for years four or five, or extra ceilings in any year, must ask the department for a deed of variation.

A labour agreement employer seeking a permanent pathway is generally expected to choose either the 494 provisional pathway or the 186 permanent pathway, and ImmiAccount does not allow both nomination ceilings in one request (both can be sought only by emailing the labour agreement section).

In the 482 Labour Agreement stream the applicant's skills, qualifications, employment background and English language proof are whatever the work agreement specifies for the occupation, and where it requires a skills assessment that must come from the relevant assessing authority and be no more than 3 years old unless it states a longer validity.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-23 3차 검증: 482.241·482.242A·482.243 재확인

For the 186 Labour Agreement stream the applicant must not have turned 45 at the time of application, or must not have reached the age that the labour agreement specifies for the position.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-23 3차 검증: 186.241 재확인(협약 나이가 45보다 높다는 가정은 원문에 없어 '(더 높은)'을 뺌)

For the 186 Labour Agreement stream the qualifications, experience, language test results, English proof and skills evidence are those the Minister specifies in the labour agreement for the occupation, so the regulation hard-wires no fixed minimum experience period or English score for this stream.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-23 3차 검증: 186.243 재확인(부재 기반 서술: 186.24 소절에 고정 경력·영어 수치가 없음을 확인)

A 186 Labour Agreement applicant who holds, or last held, a regional provisional visa must have held it for at least 3 years, unless the labour agreement specifies a shorter period or the Minister's instrument lists exempting circumstances.

For the 494 Labour Agreement stream the work agreement must authorise a 494 worker, the applicant must be under 45 or under the age the agreement sets, and needs at least 3 years of relevant work unless the agreement specifies a different period, with skills, qualifications and English as the agreement specifies.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-23 3차 검증: 494.232·494.233·494.235 재확인

Under regulation 2.75C a labour agreement is a written agreement between the Minister and a person, association or partnership in Australia, and it may fix the number of approved nominations, the nominable occupations, salary requirements, sponsor obligations, the maximum stay, and visa criteria such as English, age, skills and employment background and the length of a prior visa needed for another visa.

टिप्पणी: 2024-12-14 시행 개정(Migration Amendment (Labour Agreement Requirements (Subclass 186, 482 and 494 Visas)) Regulations 2024, F2024L01653)으로 신설. 이 목록이 협약으로 완화·조정 가능한 항목의 법적 근거.

The Commonwealth may enter a work (labour) agreement only if the Minister is satisfied the other party has made recent and genuine efforts to recruit Australian citizens or permanent residents, except for Minister of Religion and Religious Assistant occupations.

For the 482 and 494, a work agreement counts only if it is a labour agreement in effect that authorises recruiting a person to be employed as a holder of a Skills in Demand 482 (or Temporary Skill Shortage 482) or a 494 visa.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-23 3차 검증: 2.76(2)(b)(c) 재확인

For a 482 nomination in the Labour Agreement stream the occupation must be an occupation the work agreement lets the sponsor nominate, any requirements the agreement places on the sponsor must have been met, and the sponsor's approved nominations for the year must stay below the number the agreement permits.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-23 3차 검증: 2.72(19) 재확인(연간 상한에는 457·TSS·SID 지명이 합산됨)

For a Labour Agreement stream nomination the proposed period of stay in the 482 nomination must not exceed the period the work agreement specifies, rather than the general 1 to 4 years.

A 186 Labour Agreement stream nomination is approved only if the nominator is a party to a labour agreement in effect that lists the occupation, meets any requirements the agreement sets (which can include salary under reg 2.75C), and has used fewer approved nominations than the agreement permits for the year; the regulation itself sets no salary threshold for this stream.

टिप्पणी: CSIT 적용 문구는 5.19(5)(o)(TRT)·5.19(9)(h)(Direct Entry)에만 있고 (14)에는 없음 — 규정 문면 기준. 협약서 자체가 급여 요건을 둘 수 있음(2.75C(2)(c)). | 2026-10-23 3차 검증: 5.19(14)·2.75C 재확인

The Minister must give the nominator a copy of the 186 nomination decision, and if the nomination is refused, a written statement of reasons and a statement that the decision is a reviewable migration decision.

टिप्पणी: Note 문구: 규정 4.02(4)(e)는 5.19 거절을 reviewable decision으로 규정.

A Temporary Skill Shortage nomination lodged before 7 December 2024 with no visa application yet made is treated as a Skills in Demand nomination from approval, placed in Specialist Skills if the occupation is in Major Group 1, 2, 4, 5 or 6 and pay is at least the SSIT and otherwise in Core Skills, and it stays valid until its approval ends under regulation 2.75.

Home Affairs says every TSS nomination and visa application lodged before the Skills in Demand visa began is processed under the rules in force when it was lodged, and a worker whose employer had lodged a TSS nomination but who had not applied for the TSS visa by 7 December 2024 can apply for a SID visa once that nomination is approved.

टिप्पणी: Medium-term 안내 페이지(repealed-visas/temporary-skill-shortage-medium-term-visa-subclass-482)도 같은 문구.

The amended nomination rules of Division 2.17 apply to any nomination made on or after 7 December 2024, so a TSS holder whose sponsor needs a fresh nomination after that date (for example a new employer or a further stay) is dealt with under the Skills in Demand nomination criteria, not the old TSS ones.

टिप्पणी: 'TSS 소지자에게 새 지명이 필요한가'는 조항 문면에서 도출한 해석: 이미 부여된 TSS 비자는 그대로이나 새 비자(연장·고용주 변경 등)에는 SID 지명이 필요.

The amended Schedule 1 and 2 visa criteria for the Skills in Demand visa apply to visa applications made on or after 7 December 2024, which leaves applications lodged earlier to be decided under the pre-change TSS criteria.

टिप्पणी: '이전 신청은 TSS 기준'은 반대해석이며, 내무부 TSS 페이지가 같은 취지를 명시.

The pre-7 December 2024 text of visa condition 8607 continues to govern visas granted before that date and visas granted later on applications made before it, so existing TSS holders stay under their original work conditions while new SID visas carry the amended condition.

The new Temporary Residence Transition work-time tests in clauses 186.226 and 186.227 apply only to 186 visa applications made on or after 7 December 2024 for positions nominated on or after that date, and the amended nomination rule in regulation 5.19 applies to nominations made on or after the same date.

टिप्पणी: 따라서 2024-12-07 이전에 낸 186 지명·신청은 당시 TRT 요건으로 심사되는 것으로 읽힘(반대해석). 실무에서 해당 건이 남아 있는지는 별도 확인 필요.

For the 2-in-3-years test, time held on a 457, a Temporary Skill Shortage 482 and a Skills in Demand 482 all count together, so earlier 457 and TSS time is added to SID time, and a bridging visa, 186 visa or 187 visa held also counts, but only if the last substantive visa was one of those.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-23 3차 검증: 186.226(1) 재확인. 기존 문장의 '2024-12-07 이전' 날짜는 이 조문에 없어 뺐고, (d)에 186·187 비자도 포함되는 점을 반영(SID는 2024-12-07부터 시행, 규정에는 세 종류가 나란히 열거됨)

The Minister may by legislative instrument set different time periods than 2 years in 3 for specified persons under both clause 186.226(2) and 186.227(3), and for occupations listed in the regulation 2.72(13) instrument the full-time employment test is replaced by a simple 2-year employment test.

टिप्पणी: 이 조항에 근거한 현행 고시가 있는지 연방 법령 등록부에서 찾지 못함(검색 결과 없음) — 미확정.

A 186 Temporary Residence Transition nomination is tested only against the Core Skills Income Threshold, with no Specialist Skills split, because regulation 5.19(5)(o) imports the 482 salary rules but swaps in the core skills income threshold.

टिप्पणी: 소득 시험 면제는 2.72(15)(b)에 따라 지정 금액(현재 AUD 250,000, IMMI 18/033) 이상 연봉일 때. 직업 목록 대조는 TRT는 '직전 457/482 비자 직업과 동일' 요건.

Home Affairs says that if a TRT applicant held several 457 or 482 visas in the last 3 years, sponsored employment counts in any occupation they were approved to work in, and after a change of employer it counts from the date the new approved nomination was lodged if work started before approval.

टिप्पणी: 076(내무부 연보 문구 vs TRT 안내)의 모호함을 이 안내 페이지 문구로 보완. 규정 186.227(1) 문면은 '해당 비자가 부여된 직업'으로 더 좁아 보임(두 자료가 다름). | 내무부 페이지 본문이 JS(JSON)로 불러와져, 원본 HTML 안의 JSON에서 본문을 풀어 캐시에 저장해 대조함

If ownership of the sponsoring business changed through a sale, takeover or restructure, Home Affairs says the employer may still nominate the worker for the TRT stream if it shows it and the previous business sponsor would be considered the same employer, and it must be the worker's most recently approved sponsor.

टिप्पणी: 내무부 페이지 본문이 JS(JSON)로 불러와져, 원본 HTML 안의 JSON에서 본문을 풀어 캐시에 저장해 대조함

The Fair Work Commission's high income threshold is AUD 190,100 from 1 July 2026 and was AUD 183,100 for the year to 30 June 2026; the Commission says it is adjusted each 1 July.

टिप्पणी: 더 이전 연도 금액(예: 2024-25)은 Fair Work Ombudsman 표에 있으나 접속 차단(403)으로 읽지 못함 — 이 항목에는 포함하지 않음. | 2026-10-23 2차 검증: 이 출처는 Fair Work 금액만 말하므로 "186·494 연령 예외가 가리키는"이라는 연결은 문장에서 뺌(연결은 employer-sponsored-165 참조).

In the 186/187/494 exemption instrument the high income threshold is not a Home Affairs figure but takes its meaning from section 333 of the Fair Work Act 2009, so it moves whenever the Fair Work amount changes.

The high-income age exemption for a 186 Temporary Residence Transition or 494 applicant requires at least 2 of the last 3 years employed in positions tied to an approved nomination, with earnings in each of those 2 years at or above the high income threshold as it applied at the end of that year, plus at least 2 years on a 457 or 482 visa.

टिप्पणी: '해당 연도 말 기준' 문구 때문에 연도별 HIT 값(예: 2025-26 AUD 183,100)을 그 연도에 대응시켜야 함. | 2026-10-23 3차 검증: LIN 19/216 s 5 정의(Subclass 457/482 worker)와 s 6(1)(d)·s 8(1)(e) 재확인(최신 편집본 Compilation No. 4)

Under Fair Work Regulations reg 2.13(3) the high income threshold for each 1 July is last year's figure multiplied by the ratio of the average weekly ordinary time earnings (seasonally adjusted, full-time adults) in effect on 1 July this year to that in effect on 1 July last year, with the ratio taken to 3 decimal places and never below 1, and the result rounded to the nearest AUD 100 with exact AUD 50 multiples rounded up.

टिप्पणी: 2024-11-23 컴필레이션(최신본 아닐 수 있음). 검증 계산: 183,100 x 1.038 = 190,057.8 -> 190,100 (계산).

Regulation 5.42A indexes only three amounts on each 1 July: the Core Skills Income Threshold, the Specialist Skills Income Threshold and the Temporary Skilled Migration Income Threshold, each multiplied by the indexation factor when it is above 1 and rounded to the nearest whole dollar.

टिप्पणी: AUD 96,400 / 180,001 / 250,000 / 120,000 등 다른 금액은 5.42A 대상이 아니며 고시 본문에 지수화 문구가 없음(해당 고시 항목 참조).

The indexation factor compares the full-time adult AWOTE estimate for the middle month (November) of the most recent December quarter before 1 July (the reference quarter) with that of the previous December quarter (the base quarter).

टिप्पणी: December quarter = 10~12월이므로 가운데 달은 11월.

The ABS full-time adult average weekly ordinary time earnings for November 2025, the reference figure for the 1 July 2026 indexation, was AUD 2,051.10 (seasonally adjusted), 3.8% higher than a year earlier.

टिप्पणी: ABS 보도는 수정치가 있을 수 있으므로 지수화에는 내무부가 공표한 3.8%(계수 1.038)를 기준으로 함.

The ABS full-time adult average weekly ordinary time earnings for November 2024, the base figure for the 1 July 2026 indexation, was AUD 1,975.80 (seasonally adjusted), 4.6% higher than a year earlier, which also underlay the 4.6% rise applied on 1 July 2025.

टिप्पणी: 4.6%가 2025-07-01 인상(73,150 -> 76,515 = x1.046)의 근거라는 연결은 계산상 일치(73,150 x 1.046 = 76,514.9)이며 내무부 문서로 직접 확인한 것은 아님.

The 1 July 2026 indexation can be reproduced: AWOTE of 2,051.10 for November 2025 divided by 1,975.80 for November 2024 gives 1.0381, so the factor is 1.038, and 76,515 x 1.038 rounds to 79,423 for the CSIT/TSMIT while 141,210 x 1.038 rounds to 146,576 for the SSIT.

टिप्पणी: 계산: 2051.10/1975.80 = 1.03811 -> 1.038; 76,515 x 1.038 = 79,422.57 -> 79,423; 141,210 x 1.038 = 146,575.98 -> 146,576. AWOTE 두 값은 ABS 보도 수치(별도 항목)이며 계산 결과가 내무부 공표 금액과 일치함.

The ABS lists its next Average Weekly Earnings release, covering November 2026, as due on 25 February 2027.

टिप्पणी: 2027-06-30 유효기한은 내무부 급여 요건 페이지의 '2026-07-01~2027-06-30 접수분' 표기와 7월 1일 지수화 규정(5.42A)에서 도출. 인상 여부·폭은 2027-02 발표 후에야 확정. 2027-07-01 금액은 미정. | 2026-10-23 2차 검증: ABS 출처가 뒷받침하는 발표일만 남기고, 나머지(소득 기준 2027-06-30까지 적용 = employer-sponsored-009·011, 5.42A 지수화 = -168·169, 2025년 11월 값 AUD 2,051.10 = -170)는 각 항목에 있어 분리함. 이 값이 2027-07-01 지수화의 기준월 자료.

The AUD 250,000 earnings level at or above which the annual market salary rate and income-threshold tests are skipped is a literal sum in IMMI 18/033 s 5 with no indexation formula, so it only changes if the instrument is amended; section 5 was last amended by an instrument that commenced on 7 December 2024.

टिप्पणी: '지수화 없음'은 조문에 지수화 문구가 없고 개정 이력(Endnote 4)에서 s 5가 F2024L01621로만 개정된 점에서 확인한 것. 2024-12-07 개정(F2024L01621)이 금액을 바꾼 것인지는 이력 표만으로 알 수 없음. | 2026-10-23 2차 검증: Endnote 4의 s 5는 F2024L01621에 의한 "am"(개정)이지 전면 재작성(rs)이 아님 → "다시 썼다"를 "개정"으로 고침. 이 개정(Endnote 3)은 Sch 3이 2024-12-07 시행. 규정 2.72(15)(b)는 연봉이 지정 금액 "이상"이면 면제라 "above"를 "at or above"로 수정. 등록부 API로 Compilation 7(2026-07-01)이 현행임을 확인.

The AUD 96,400 line below which a labour market testing advertisement must state the salary is a fixed figure in LIN 18/036 s 8(4)(d); that instrument's text has no indexation clause.

टिप्पणी: 이 컴필레이션 이후 개정 여부는 확인하지 못함(Latest 컴필레이션 No. 5, 2024-12-07 기준). 지수화 조항 없음은 본문 전체를 읽고 확인. | 2026-10-23 2차 검증: 등록부 API로 Compilation 5(2024-12-07)가 현행(isCurrent=true)임을 확인.

The same AUD 96,400 appears separately in the 482 English instrument (LIN 25/082) as the earnings an overseas company's transferee must receive to be exempt from the English test, again as a literal figure without indexation.

टिप्पणी: 두 고시(LIN 18/036, LIN 25/082)가 같은 금액을 각각 적고 있어 한쪽만 개정되면 어긋날 수 있음. | 2026-10-23 2차 검증: 등록부 API로 LIN 25/082(F2025L01066)가 현행(2025-09-10 시행본)임을 확인.

The Applicable Circumstances List in LIN 24/089 contains several literal dollar and size tests that are not indexed: nominated earnings under AUD 180,001 (item 1), under AUD 120,000 (item 15), business turnover under AUD 1,000,000 (items 11 and 12) and fewer than 5 employees (items 12 and 13).

टिप्पणी: 같은 금액이 186 직접입국용 고시(LIN 24/093)의 s 8에도 동일하게 있음. 지수화 조항 없음은 본문 확인.

For the 482 Specialist Skills and Core Skills streams the required result is a set minimum in each of the four components, 5 in every component for CELPIP General and 5.0 in every component for both IELTS Academic and IELTS General Training, with no overall-score condition.

टिप्पणी: s 6(4) 표는 영역별 최저점만 정하고 종합 점수 조건이 없음(표 구조 기준). 기존 항목 043은 IELTS만 다룸.

The 482 minimum scores are LANGUAGECERT Academic 41 listening, 44 reading, 45 writing and 54 speaking, and Michigan English Test 49 listening, 47 reading, 45 writing and 38 speaking.

टिप्पणी: PDF 표가 열 단위로 추출되어 항목 번호와 점수가 섞여 있음; 점수는 항목 순서(4=LANGUAGECERT, 5=MET)로 대응.

The 482 minimum scores are OET 220 listening, 240 reading, 200 writing and 270 speaking; PTE Academic 33 listening, 36 reading, 29 writing and 24 speaking; and TOEFL iBT 8 listening, 8 reading, 9 writing and 14 speaking.

टिप्पणी: TOEFL 말하기 14는 다음 쪽에 이어짐. PDF 열 추출 순서(6=OET, 7=PTE, 8=TOEFL)로 대응.

A single instrument and score table cover both Specialist Skills and Core Skills, so the 482 English level is the same in these streams (other than for exempt applicants); an applicant must sit an approved test, may combine a resit of single components, and the test day must be within 3 years of giving the evidence.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-23 3차 검증: LIN 25/082 s 6 재확인(2025-09-10 등록, 현재 최신본)

For 482 applications lodged on or after 13 September 2025, a test taken before that date still counts if it falls in the 3 years before lodgement and, in a single attempt, gave IELTS 5.0 overall and in each component, OET B in each component, TOEFL iBT overall 35 with 4 in listening and reading and 14 in speaking and writing, PTE Academic 36 overall and in each component, or Cambridge Advanced 154 overall and in each component.

टिप्पणी: 이 경과 규정에서는 종합 점수(overall)와 영역별 점수를 함께 요구함 — 신규 표(영역별만)와 다름. | 2026-10-23 2차 검증: s 7(1)(b)는 "in a single attempt at that test"라 "한 번에(one sitting)"를 "한 번의 응시"로 정확히 고침.

Under LIN 25/016, competent English means the Schedule 2 item 2 minimums in every component: IELTS 6 each, CELPIP General 7 each, PTE Academic 47 listening, 48 reading, 51 writing and 54 speaking, TOEFL iBT 16, 16, 19 and 19, OET 290, 310, 290 and 330, LANGUAGECERT 57, 60, 64 and 70, MET 56, 55, 57 and 48, and Cambridge C1 Advanced 163, 163, 170 and 179.

टिप्पणी: 기존 082는 IELTS·PTE·OET 예시만 있었음. 읽기 행(163·7·6·6·60·55·310·48·16)은 표 구조상 같은 열 순서. 열 순서: C1 Advanced, CELPIP, IELTS Academic, IELTS GT, LANGUAGECERT, MET, OET, PTE, TOEFL. | 2026-10-23 2차 검증: 186·494 기준이 competent English를 요구한다는 연결은 이 고시가 아니라 각 비자 규정(예: cl 494.226)이라 문장에서 뺌. 이 고시는 competent English 점수만 정의.

A test taken before 7 August 2025 still counts for Competent English if it falls within the 36 months before the visa application and reached IELTS 6 in each component, OET B in each, TOEFL iBT 12 listening, 13 reading, 21 writing and 18 speaking, PTE Academic 50 in each, or Cambridge Advanced 169 in each.

Functional English, the standard behind the second visa-charge instalment, is met if a person passes a Minister-approved test run by an approved provider, or gives prescribed evidence such as a degree, diploma or trade certificate needing at least 2 years of full-time study taught entirely in English, or is judged by the Minister at interview to have it.

टिप्पणी: 법 s 5(2)(a)는 장관 승인 시험 합격을 별도 경로로 정함(Migration Act 1958 s 5(2)). 규정 5.17(a)의 지정 증빙 고시는 확인하지 못함.

The Migration Act itself says a person has functional English if they pass a Minister-approved test conducted by an approved person or organisation, or give the Minister prescribed evidence of English proficiency.

The instrument that lists 494 Employer Sponsored exemptions (LIN 19/216 s 8) exempts some applicants only from the age limit and from the skills and employment-history tests, and names no class exempt from the competent English requirement.

टिप्पणी: 고시에 영어 면제 항목이 없다는 점은 본문 s 8 전체를 읽고 확인(부재 기반). | 2026-10-23 3차 검증: 최신 편집본(Compilation No. 4, 2024-12-07) s 8 재확인

The Core Skills Occupation List in LIN 24/089 has 456 numbered items, each giving an occupation title, its 6-digit ANZSCO (2022) code and, for 34 of them, one or more applicable-circumstance numbers; by Major Group it holds 47 managers, 235 professionals, 141 technicians and trades workers, 23 community and personal service workers, 8 clerical and administrative workers and 2 sales workers.

टिप्पणी: 대분류별 개수와 34개 항목 수는 표를 직접 세어 얻은 값(계산). 전체 직업명·코드·번호·평가기관 표는 research/employer-sponsored.md 부록 참조. 대분류 7·8 직업은 없음 — 이는 Specialist Skills 제외 대분류(3·7·8)와 별개로 Core 목록이 대분류 1~6만 포함한다는 뜻.

Only 34 CSOL occupations carry applicable-circumstance numbers, for example CEOs and corporate general managers (1), farmers (5), Sales and Marketing Manager (6 and 12), Management Consultant (11 and 13), Chef and Cook (3 and 4) and Hospitality, Retail and Service Managers nec (16); the other 422 occupations apply with no circumstance test.

टिप्पणी: 번호의 의미는 s 7(2) 적용 상황 목록(16개 항목). 번호가 붙은 직업만 해당 상황일 때 제외됨(Core). 1·111111은 'Chief Executive or Managing Director' 줄이 PDF에서 갈라져 있어 코드·번호 부분만 인용. 같은 번호가 186 직접입국 고시(LIN 24/093)에서도 동일.

The 186 Direct Entry occupation list in LIN 24/093 is the same set of 456 six-digit codes and the same applicable-circumstance numbers as the 482 Core Skills list, with the assessing authority added in a separate column, so every 482 CSOL occupation also qualifies for 186 Direct Entry (subject to the same circumstances).

टिप्पणी: 두 고시 표를 코드 단위로 대조한 결과(계산): 동일 코드 456개, 적용 상황 번호 불일치 0건. 비교 시점: 482 컴필레이션 3(2025-11-07) vs 186 컴필레이션 4(2026-03-28).

LIN 24/093 names a relevant assessing authority for each of the 456 occupations, led by VETASSESS (about 181 occupations) and Trades Recognition Australia (about 104), then the Medical Board of Australia (34), the Australian Computer Society (31), Engineers Australia (26) and ANMAC (19), with several occupations assigned to two or three bodies.

टिप्पणी: 기관별 개수는 표를 직접 센 값(계산, 공동 지정 직업은 각 기관에 1씩 포함). 일부 줄(회계사 5개 직업 등)의 PDF 줄바꿈 때문에 수작업 보정함. 약어 전체 이름은 같은 고시 s 9 표.

The 482 Core Skills Occupation List has been amended three times since it began on 7 December 2024, none of which added or removed an occupation: a caveats amendment the same day (new circumstance 16 for brothel keepers), a 14 December 2024 amendment of assessing authorities and some circumstance numbers, and a 7 November 2025 correction of the code at item 79 (Management Consultant); the 186 version was also amended on 28 March 2026 for an assessing authority.

टिप्पणी: Jobs and Skills Australia의 CSOL 개정 작업(2025년 이후 새 직업 추가·삭제)은 공식 자료에서 확인하지 못함. 개정 이력은 컴필레이션 3(2025-11-07)의 Endnote 기준. 목록 항목 수가 456개로 유지됨은 표를 세어 확인(계산).

The 494 occupation instrument (LIN 19/219) lists 216 occupations in the Medium and Long-term Strategic Skills List and 434 in the Regional Occupation List, 650 distinct ANZSCO 2013 codes with no overlap between the two, and it excludes exotic dancers from the dancer or choreographer item and brothel keepers from item 79 of the regional list.

टिप्पणी: 항목 수·코드 수는 표를 직접 센 값(계산): MLTSSL 1~216, ROL 1~434. 이 고시는 CSOL(ANZSCO 2022)과 달리 ANZSCO 2013 기준이라 일부 코드가 CSOL과 달라 직접 비교 불가. 전체 코드는 value 목록.

Home Affairs uses ANZSCO 2022 for the 186 and 482 occupation lists (including the CSOL) but ANZSCO 2013 for the other skilled visas' lists, such as the 494's MLTSSL and Regional Occupation List, and says a later removal of an occupation from a list does not harm pending applications.

The mandatory 482 skills assessment table names 24 occupations: 23 trades assessed by Trades Recognition Australia (automotive electrician, baker, cabinetmaker, carpenter, carpenter and joiner, chef, cook, diesel motor mechanic, electrician general and special class, fitter general, fitter and turner, fitter-welder, joiner, metal fabricator, metal fitters and machinists nec, metal machinist, motor mechanic, panelbeater, pastrycook, sheetmetal trades worker, toolmaker, welder first class) plus Program or Project Administrator assessed by VETASSESS.

टिप्पणी: 표의 항목 번호는 1~25이나 23번이 비어 있어 실제 24개(코드는 표 col 2, 참고용). 기존 항목 008은 개수만 담았고 이 항목이 명단을 채움.

The trade skills assessment is mandatory only for applicants holding a passport from the country list set for the occupation, which runs from 7 countries for the two electrician occupations (Fiji, Hong Kong, India, Macau, Philippines, South Africa, Vietnam) to 15 for chef and cook (also Bangladesh, Brazil, China, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Thailand, Zimbabwe), while Program or Project Administrator applies to all passports.

टिप्पणी: 전체 24개 직업별 국가 목록은 value. 홍콩·마카오 포함(Special Administrative Region 여권). 면제 대상(exempt applicant)은 s 7 참조.

A 482 applicant is exempt from the mandatory trade assessment if they already hold a 457, TSS or SID visa and work in the nominated occupation in Australia, work for an overseas company's established business in the same or a similar occupation and are nominated by that company or an associate, hold a commensurate qualification gained in Australia or a country not on the occupation's list, hold the required licence or registration, or met the TRA Offshore Skills Assessment Program standard.

टिप्पणी: permitted country = 해당 직업 s 6 표(col 2)에 없는 국가·특별행정구(s 7(3)). 항목 21은 s 7(2) 대상에서 제외되어 s 7(4)가 별도 적용.

Program or Project Administrator has its own exemption in s 7(4): the applicant needs a qualification commensurate with ANZSCO, annual earnings of at least AUD 180,000 and nomination by an accredited sponsor.

टिप्पणी: AUD 180,000은 고시에 적힌 고정 금액(지수화 조항 없음). 고시는 IMMI 18/039(Mandatory Skills Assessment—Subclass 482), 표 6의 item 21이 program or project administrator(ANZSCO 511112). | 2026-10-23 3차 검증: s 7(4) 재확인

For the 23 trades the required type of assessment is the TRA's SID Skills Assessment or its earlier TSS Skills Assessment, and for Program or Project Administrator it is VETASSESS's Skills Assessment for General Professional Occupations.

Trades Recognition Australia's program for 482 trade assessments costs up to AUD 5,320 on Pathway 1 (no Australian VET qualification: documents 1,120, technical interview 2,000, practical assessment 2,200 if required) or AUD 2,020 on Pathway 2 (documents 1,120 and interview 900), with the outcome about 9 weeks after complete documents, and it is compulsory for general and special-class electricians.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-23 검증: TRA 페이지 Cost 표 재확인(Pathway 1 서류 1,120·면접 2,000·실기 2,200=5,320, Pathway 2 서류 1,120·면접 900=2,020)

Trades Recognition Australia's Migration Skills Assessment Program costs AUD 795 and is typically processed within 120 days of submission; it is not open to people applying for a 482 visa, nor to the licensed trades routed to other programs.

टिप्पणी: 페이지의 '2026년 7월 기준 평균 120일' 문구에 근거해 asof를 2026-07로 둠(정확한 일자는 페이지에 없음). 면허직종(공조냉동 기사, 일반·특수 전기기사, 배관공)은 이 프로그램 대상 아님. 페이지가 MLTSSL/STSOL 용어를 쓰는 점은 현행 CSOL 용어와 다름. | 2026-10-23 검증: 페이지에 186·494라는 말이 없어 서술에서 뺌(비자별 연결은 페이지 밖 지식이라 근거 없음). 페이지의 비대상: 지정 국가 여권(Offshore 프로그램), 면허 직종 4개, 485·482 신청자. 페이지는 MLTSSL/STSOL 용어를 아직 씀

VETASSESS charges AUD 1,260.60 including GST (AUD 1,146.00 excluding GST for applicants who are not Australian tax residents) for a full professional skills assessment, with an optional priority-processing fee of AUD 949.30 (AUD 863.00 excluding GST).

टिप्पणी: 요금표는 정기 물가연동 인상이 있을 수 있음 | 2026-10-23 검증: 7주 처리 시간은 출처가 다른 'Current Processing Times' 페이지라 별도 항목(employer-sponsored-223)으로 분리

For ICT occupations the Australian Computer Society's General Skills pathway costs AUD 1,498 paid at the start, and ACS says an application needing no extra documents should allow 4 to 6 weeks.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-23 검증: ACS General Skills 페이지 한 곳에서 수수료($1,498, 신청 시작 때 납부)와 FAQ의 처리 시간(4~6주, 추가 서류 요청이 없는 신청)을 모두 확인해 확인으로 올림. 서술은 GST 포함 여부를 말하지 않음(페이지에도 명시 없음)

Engineers Australia lists an Australian accredited engineering qualification assessment at AUD 315 excluding GST (AUD 346.50 with GST), AUD 750 excluding GST when a skilled employment assessment is added, and a fast-track option that gets the application to an assessor within 20 business days (not a guaranteed outcome date).

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-23 검증: EA 수수료 표 재확인(GST 제외 315·750, 포함 346.50·825). Fast-track 문구: assigned to an assessor within 20 business days, 결과 기한 보장 아님

A 186 nomination (Temporary Residence Transition, Direct Entry or Labour Agreement) is approved only if, where a licence, registration or professional membership is mandatory in the state or territory, the identified person holds it or is eligible to hold it at the time of application; the 482 and 494 nomination regulations (2.72 and 2.72C) contain no licensing criterion.

टिप्पणी: '482·494에는 면허 기준이 없다'는 규정 2.72·2.72C 전체를 읽고 확인한 부재 기반 서술. 내무부 안내는 해당 시 면허·등록 증빙 제출을 요구함(별도 항목). | 2026-10-23 3차 검증: 5.19(4)(c)와 2.72·2.72C 본문에서 licence·registration 부재 재확인

A 482 applicant nominated as a medical practitioner must have qualifications that the Australian medical registration authority recognises as entitling them to practise, which is the only occupation-specific registration criterion in the 482 primary criteria.

टिप्पणी: '유일한'은 482.21(공통)·482.22(Specialist)·482.23(Core) 조항을 읽고 확인한 서술. | 2026-10-23 3차 검증: 482.215 재확인

The primary 482 holder must carry condition 8607 (the work-only-for-the-sponsor limit) and condition 8501 (health insurance), condition 8303 may be added, and no further-stay bar such as condition 8503 is listed for the Skills in Demand visa.

टिप्पणी: '8503 없음'은 482.611~613 전체를 읽고 확인한 부재 기반 서술(8503: 입국 후 보호비자 외 실질 비자 신청 불가). 482 보유자의 온쇼어 신규 482·186 신청이 허용되는 것은 별도 항목(055, 내무부 안내).

The primary 494 holder carries conditions 8578 (report address, email, phone, passport, employer address and workplace location changes within 14 days), 8579 (live, work and study only in a designated regional area), 8580 (provide address evidence within 28 days of a request), 8581 (attend an interview) and 8608 (work only in the nominated occupation for the sponsor); secondary holders get the same except 8608.

टिप्पणी: 8578·8580 내용은 별표 8 본문(vol 3). 8503은 494 조건 목록에 없음.

Condition 8579 ties a 494 holder's regional-area duty to the nomination in force: the area is the designated regional area at the time of the first nomination, and if a later nomination is approved and the holder starts work in that new position, a new regional residency period begins on the day work starts in the new position, measured against the area at the time of that later nomination.

टिप्पणी: 이 '지역 거주 기간'은 8579의 의무 구간이며, 191 신청의 3년 보유 요건(비자 보유 기간)과는 별개로 읽힘(규정 191.2xx는 '3년 보유'를 요구하고 고용주 변경으로 초기화한다는 문구는 없음 — 부재 기반 해석).

Home Affairs says a 191 applicant must hold an eligible subclass 491 or 494 visa for at least 3 years before applying and must have complied with that visa's conditions for the whole time it was held.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-23 3차 검증: 페이지 JSON 본문 재확인

Clause 191.222 requires copies of tax assessment notices for 3 relevant income years and taxable income in each of those years at least equal to an amount the Minister specifies by legislative instrument, for all applicants or for classes of applicants.

टिप्पणी: 해당 고시(금액)는 연방 법령 등록부 검색에서 찾지 못함. 내무부 안내는 '최소 소득 없음'이라 지정 금액이 0일 가능성이 있으나 확인하지 못함. | 2026-10-23 3차 검증: 191.222(1)~(3) 재확인

A 494 holder cannot use the 186 Temporary Residence Transition stream, because a TRT nomination requires the identified person to hold a 457 or 482 visa (or a linked bridging visa), and the regulation defines a regional provisional visa as a 491 or 494 visa, which is not on that list.

टिप्पणी: 494 소지자가 TRT 대상이 아니라는 결론은 5.19(5)(a) 문면(457/482/브리징만 인정)에서 도출. 494에서 영주권으로 가는 길은 항목 212(191), 094(Direct Entry·Labour Agreement 3년)에서 다룸. | 2026-10-23 3차 검증: 5.19(5)(a)와 1.03 정의 재확인, 경로 설명(191·186 새 지명)은 다른 항목으로 넘기고 문장에서 뺌

Home Affairs says a 482 holder who has been laid off and is unemployed has up to 180 days to find a new employer or make arrangements to leave Australia.

टिप्पणी: 494의 '취소될 수 있음' 문구는 494 ES 스트림 페이지 'Your obligations'(You must only work in your nominated occupation and only work for your nominating employer in regional Australia. If you do not, we might cancel your visa.)에서 확인. | 2026-10-23 2차 검증: 기존 문장은 출처에 없는 것을 섞었음: (1) 해고 후 180일 안내는 482 페이지에만 있고 494 페이지에는 없음 → 494 삭제, (2) 조건 8607(5)/8608(5)(연속 180일·합계 365일)는 규정 출처라 employer-sponsored-060에 있음 → 삭제, (3) 494 취소 가능 문구는 494 페이지라 employer-sponsored-224로 분리.

A 482 or 494 holder cannot extend the visa to stay longer: to keep working for the same employer the employer must lodge a new nomination and the worker must apply for a new visa, and that new visa application can be made in Australia while holding a substantive or bridging visa.

टिप्पणी: 연속 482 신청 횟수 상한을 정한 조문은 482.2·482.3·별표 8 조건에서 찾지 못함(부재 기반). 총 체류는 지명 때마다 최대 4년.

When a 457, TSS or SID holder applies in Australia for another 482, the bridging visa A inherits conditions 8607, 8501 and 8107 that applied to the first visa, so the worker stays tied to the old nomination until the new visa is granted.

टिप्पणी: '새 비자가 나오기 전까지 기존 지명에 묶임'은 8607이 '가장 최근에 부여된 482 비자'의 지명 직업을 기준으로 한다는 점(8607(1))에서 도출한 해석. | 2026-10-23 3차 검증: 010.611(3D) 재확인

A bridging visa A granted on a valid in-Australia application for an Employer Nomination (Class EN), Skilled Employer Sponsored Regional (Class PE), Skilled Work Regional (Class PS) or Regional Employer Nomination (Class RN) visa carries nil conditions, so no work-limiting condition attaches while the application is decided.

टिप्पणी: (3B) 목록 끝의 'nil.'이 이 신청들에 부여되는 브리징 비자 A의 조건. 실제 부여되는 조건은 부여 결정문·VEVO로 확인해야 함. 신청 시 실질 비자 보유(010.211(2)) 등 요건 충족 시. Class와 서브클래스 대응(EN=186, PE=494, PS=491, RN=187)은 규정 Sch 1 신청 항목(1114B·1242·1241 등) 기준이라 영어 문장에서 번호를 빼고 한국어·value에 둠. | 2026-10-23 3차 검증: 010.611(3B) 재확인

Home Affairs says that the family of a 482 Core Skills nominee, unlike the worker, is not tied to one occupation or employer: they can also live, study and work in Australia.

टिप्पणी: 영어 시험 요건 부재와 8607이 주신청자에게만 붙는 점은 규정 482.3·482.611을 읽은 별도 항목 227로 분리. 학비·교육비는 주 교육청 소관이며 이 항목에서 다루지 않음. 18세 이상 가족이 functional English가 없으면 두 번째 납부분이 붙는 점은 항목 092 참조. | 2026-10-23 3차 검증: 페이지 재확인, 규정 기반 서술은 227로 분리

A 494 holder who is a family-unit member of the primary holder is bound by the same regional-residence condition: during the regional residency period they must live, work and study only in a part of Australia that was a designated regional area when the primary person's nomination was made.

टिप्पणी: 8608 비적용(주신청자만)은 규정 494.613을 읽은 별도 항목 228로 분리. | 2026-10-23 3차 검증: 조건 8579(2)(b)(ii) 재확인

There is no fee for lodging a nomination of an occupation for the 494 Skilled Employer Sponsored Regional (Provisional) visa.

टिप्पणी: 표 행(항목 6)이 열별로 줄바꿈된 PDF라 인용이 표 추출 순서 그대로임: 지명 서식(2.73B(4)) 494N, 수수료(2.73B(5)) nil. 482 지명 수수료는 이 표의 항목 5 등 다른 항목이라 이 사실과 무관. employer-sponsored-105에서 분리

VETASSESS currently quotes about 7 weeks for a standard skills assessment in professional occupations, and more if the application is complex or documents are missing.

टिप्पणी: 처리 시간은 수시로 바뀌는 안내값. employer-sponsored-204에서 분리

A 494 holder must work only in the nominated occupation and only for the nominating employer in regional Australia, and Home Affairs warns that otherwise the visa might be cancelled.

टिप्पणी: employer-sponsored-216에서 분리. 규정상 근거 조건은 8608(1)-(2).

Home Affairs lists the standard business sponsorship as the sponsorship used to sponsor someone to work for you on a Skills in Demand 482 or Skilled Employer Sponsored Regional (Provisional) 494 visa.

टिप्पणी: employer-sponsored-063에서 분리(063은 reg 2.63A(4)의 5년 기간만 남김).

For a 482 Specialist or Core Skills application in an occupation and class of persons covered by the mandatory assessment instrument, the relevant assessing authority must have assessed the applicant as suitable within the specified period, or the applicant must have arranged an assessment that is not yet complete.

टिप्पणी: employer-sponsored-008에서 분리. (iv) 평가 완료 또는 (v) 예약 후 미완료 중 하나. 해당 직업·집단은 IMMI 18/039(008).

A secondary 482 applicant, a family member of the primary holder, has to meet only the family-link, health-insurance, nomination-listing and character criteria with no English-test criterion, and the work-limiting condition 8607 is required only for primary applicants.

टिप्पणी: 항목 220에서 분리. 영어 시험 요건 부재는 482.3 보조 기준(482.311~482.318)을 모두 읽고 확인한 부재 기반 서술. 482.611은 주신청자 기준을 충족할 때 8607 부과를 정하고, 보조 신청자에게는 그 조항이 없음.

A secondary 494 applicant gets the same visa conditions as the primary holder except condition 8608, the sponsor-specific work condition, so the primary conditions 8578, 8579, 8580 and 8581 carry over to family members.

टिप्पणी: 항목 221에서 분리. 494.613 문장이 쪽 경계에서 끊겨 두 인용으로 나눔. 8579가 가족에게도 적용되는 점은 221.

In LIN 19/216 section 6, the exemption classes for the 186 cover only the age limit in the Temporary Residence Transition stream and the age and skills tests in the Direct Entry stream; no class is exempt from the competent English requirement.

टिप्पणी: 항목 081에서 분리. 영어 면제 집단은 187(s 7(2))에만 있음. 'English 면제가 없다'는 s 6 전체를 읽고 확인한 부재 기반 서술. 최신 편집본 Compilation No. 4(2024-12-07).

A work sponsor that fails to satisfy a sponsorship obligation faces a civil penalty of 240 penalty units if it is an approved work sponsor, and 60 penalty units in any other case.

टिप्पणी: 항목 071(내무부 안내 예시 금액)의 근거. 1 형량단위는 2026-07-01 이후 AUD 364(compliance-conditions-115). 법인 상한 배수는 규제권한법에서 오며 이 항목은 다루지 않음.

From 6 December 2024 the Subclass 858 (Class BX) visa became the National Innovation visa, the Migration Regulations having renamed what had been the Global Talent (Class BX) visa.

टिप्पणी: Amending instrument: Migration Amendment (National Innovation Visa) Regulations 2024 (F2024L01416).

The 2024 amending regulations renamed the Global Talent (Class BX) visa as the National Innovation (Class BX) visa and, at the same time, added a written-invitation step before anyone can apply.

The regulations made a written invitation from the Minister a precondition for applying for the National Innovation visa, and the explanatory statement says this had previously not been mandatory for the Global Talent stream.

The same amendment repealed the Prime Minister's Special Envoy endorsement route that had existed for the Global Talent visa, so that route is no longer open for Subclass 858.

The Special Envoy route was barely used: the envoy post had been vacant since 2020 and fewer than five visas were granted through it, and together with its poor fit with the new visa's aims this is the stated reason it was dropped.

Under the 2024 regulations the new rules apply to applications made on or after 6 December 2024, and the explanatory statement says no Global Talent applications can be made after that date.

People who had already applied for a Global Talent visa keep being assessed under the rules that applied when they lodged, not under the new invitation-based rules.

Home Affairs lists the Distinguished Talent visa as closed in November 2020 and the Global Talent visa as closed in December 2024, both being earlier names of the Subclass 858 class now covered by the National Innovation visa.

An earlier regulation change, commencing 27 February 2021, had already renamed the Subclass 858 Distinguished Talent visa as the Global Talent visa, so the 858 class has carried three names.

टिप्पणी: Direction 120 s 6 shows the 27 Feb 2021 commencement date and the Distinguished Talent / Global Talent / National Innovation sequence; that the 2021 regulations renamed Distinguished Talent to Global Talent is stated in the 2024 explanatory statement (Attachment D, Item 19, Part 95 of Schedule 13). 계산: "three names" is a count of the three names in that sequence.

The Visas for innovation overview describes the National Innovation visa as an invitation-only permanent visa and sets beside it only the Global Talent Employer Sponsored program.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-23 full read of the overview (updated 7 Oct 2026): only these two programs are listed, and the National Innovation visa 'Read more' link still points to the old .../global-talent-independent-program address, which answers HTTP 302 to .../national-innovation-visa (observed 2026-10-23; not a text quote). The legal replacement is in the 2024 regulations facts.

The Government announced the new National Innovation visa on 11 December 2023 as part of the Migration Strategy, and the 2024-25 Budget then announced its implementation.

The National Innovation visa (subclass 858) is a permanent, invitation-only visa for exceptionally talented migrants from anywhere in the world.

The visa targets established and emerging leaders with an internationally recognised record of exceptional and outstanding achievement who can contribute in sectors of national importance.

The main criterion is an internationally recognised record of exceptional and outstanding achievement in a profession, a sport, the arts, or academia and research; a separate route exists only for people who gave specialised security assistance to the Australian Government.

टिप्पणी: Verified against Migration Regulations 1994 compilation 289 (2 Oct 2026, latest, no unincorporated amendments), Schedule 2 clause 858.212(1)-(2),(4). 2026-10-23 verifier pass: wording widened to mention the separate security route in 858.212(4).

The applicant must also still be prominent, which Home Affairs explains as continuing to be active in the field with recent exceptional achievements.

The applicant must be an asset to the Australian community, with the contribution being economic, social or cultural, or raising Australia's standing internationally in academia, the arts or sport.

The applicant must show they could find work or become independently established in their field in Australia without difficulty.

Home Affairs describes "exceptional and outstanding" as having abilities and achievements superior to others in the field, being acclaimed as exceptional in any country where the field is practised, and a record of sustained achievement unlikely to diminish soon.

An applicant relying on the achievement criteria must supply a completed Form 1000 in which the record of achievement is attested by a nominator with a national reputation in the same field.

A Form 1000 nominator must be an Australian citizen, an Australian permanent resident, an eligible New Zealand citizen, or an Australian organisation.

If the nominator is not an Australian organisation, citizen, permanent resident or eligible New Zealand citizen, Form 1000 warns the visa application may be refused.

टिप्पणी: Form footer shows design date 11/24; asof set to month end because no day is printed.

As an alternative to the achievement criteria, an applicant can qualify if, in the Minister's opinion acting on advice from the Director-General of Security or the minister responsible for an intelligence or security agency, they have provided specialised assistance to the Australian Government in security matters.

An applicant who is under 18, or 55 or older, at the time of application must also be of exceptional benefit to the Australian community.

There is no upper or lower age limit to apply, but the exceptional-benefit test applies to applicants under 18 or aged 55 and over.

For the exceptional-benefit test, the benefit should be ongoing, sustained and realised shortly after migration; examples include creating jobs for many Australian residents or driving research and innovation in sectors of national importance.

The area of achievement and the achievements stated in the invitation must be the ones the applicant relies on in the visa application.

Under the regulations, a National Innovation visa applicant must have received a written invitation from the Minister to apply, which makes the invitation a precondition of a valid application.

A valid application must be made within the period stated in the invitation.

An applicant in Australia must hold a substantive visa or a Bridging visa A, B or C when applying; someone outside Australia needs no particular visa but must not be in immigration clearance.

The applicant may be in or outside Australia when applying, but not in immigration clearance.

Holders of a Subclass 491 or 494 visa, or people whose last substantive visa was a 491 or 494, must have held it for at least 3 years when they apply, unless circumstances set by a legislative instrument apply.

To be considered for an invitation, a person submits an Expression of Interest (EOI) through the Home Affairs online form; the EOI is not a visa application.

Submitting an EOI does not guarantee an invitation to apply.

An invitation is not a pre-assessment of eligibility; Home Affairs assesses the visa application on its own merits and the supporting evidence.

An EOI needs the passport bio-data page, a resume or CV, and evidence of the highest qualification.

EOI documents must be in English or come with English translations, and the accepted file formats are PDF, JPG and PNG.

If an expert Australian Government or State or Territory agency nominates the applicant, the EOI must also include a Form 1000 with Part A completed by that agency, plus a supporting statement from the agency explaining why it nominates them.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-23 verifier pass: added the agency supporting-statement requirement stated on the same page.

An EOI cannot be changed or supplemented after it is submitted, so applicants are told to check every detail before sending it.

An EOI stays in the system for 2 years from the date it is submitted, and Home Affairs may invite the person to apply during that time.

If no invitation arrives within 2 years the EOI expires, Home Affairs emails a notice, and a new EOI must be submitted to be considered again.

A second EOI should not be lodged unless there has been a significant change in circumstances or there are new achievement claims that strengthen alignment with the priority indicators.

An EOI can be withdrawn at any time before it expires or before an invitation is issued, by emailing the National Innovation mailbox with name, date of birth and EOI reference number.

Having an EOI on file gives no right to a bridging visa; anyone who needs a visa to stay or travel while waiting must apply for a different visa.

An invitation gives 60 days from the date of the invitation to complete and submit the visa application.

Home Affairs states that the 60-day invitation period cannot be extended.

Applications lodged without an invitation, or outside the invitation period, are not accepted.

Anyone who misses the 60-day window must submit a new EOI to be considered for another invitation, with no guarantee of being invited again.

The invitation email carries a unique reference identifier and invitation code to use when applying, and it names the achievements that formed the basis of the invitation; evidence of those achievements must be provided.

Ministerial Direction 120 took effect on 25 July 2026 and sets the order in which Subclass 858 (Class BX) applications are considered, covering National Innovation applications and undecided former Global Talent and Distinguished Talent applications.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-23 verifier pass: removed the claim that the Direction covers EOIs (the Direction text and the Home Affairs page speak only of visa applications). Direction 120 is still the one listed as in force on the page (updated 7 Oct 2026); Directions 121/122 (19 Sep 2026) cover other skilled visas, not Class BX. Direction 4(1) applies it to GT/DT applications made but not finally determined before commencement.

Direction 120 revoked Direction 112, which was dated 6 December 2024.

The processing order is, from highest to lowest: global experts with top-of-field international awards; people nominated by an expert Australian Government or State/Territory agency on Form 1000; achievers in the tier 1 priority sectors; achievers in the tier 2 priority sectors; and then everyone else.

The second-priority group covers applicants nominated on the approved Form 1000 by an expert Australian Government agency or a State or Territory Government agency.

Tier 1 priority sectors are critical technologies, renewables and low emission technologies, and health industries.

Tier 2 priority sectors are agri-food and ag-tech, defence capabilities and space, education, financial services and FinTech, infrastructure and transport, and resources.

Direction 120 lists example top-of-field international awards, among them Nobel Prizes, Breakthrough Prizes, the Fields Medal, the Turing Award, the Pulitzer Prize, an Olympic Gold Medal and the Laureus World Sportsman or Sportswoman of the year; the list is not exhaustive.

Among research indicators, Direction 120 mentions national research grants such as Australian Research Council grants, a research-based degree from a top-100 world university, a high h-index for career stage (14 given as an example for an early-career researcher) and recent top-journal papers.

Earning at or above the Fair Work high income threshold counts as an indicator when backed by a written Australian job offer at that salary or by the applicant's current earnings at or above it.

In Direction 120 the high income threshold has the meaning given in section 12 of the Fair Work Act 2009.

The Fair Work high income threshold is $190,100 at present after the 1 July 2026 adjustment; for dismissals up to 30 June 2026 it was $183,100.

टिप्पणी: fwc.gov.au returned 403 to the checker default user agent; page text was fetched with a browser user agent on 2026-10-22 and again 2026-10-23, and the quote matched. The page is the Fair Work Commission's Unfair Dismissals Benchbook entry on the high income threshold; the figure is adjusted each 1 July.

Decision makers are told not to treat the listed indicators as a checklist; they weigh the applicant's circumstances as a whole against the exceptional and outstanding achievement criterion.

Direction 120 describes the achievement criterion as requiring the Minister to be satisfied that the applicant is significantly high-calibre in their field and able to make outsized contributions to Australia.

Home Affairs describes the critical technologies sector as potentially transformative enabling technology, including artificial intelligence, advanced robotics and cyber security technology.

The first-instalment base application charge for the National Innovation visa is AUD 6,235 for the main applicant.

टिप्पणी: Read from the item 1113 first-instalment table for "any other applicant"; the same figure is served by the Home Affairs pricing data on the 858 page (BasePrice AUD6,235.00, checked 2026-10-22). Charges are indexed each 1 July. 계산: the source prints the amount as "$6 235" (space as thousands separator); 6,235 is only a notation change.

Each additional applicant aged 18 or over on the application pays AUD 3,120 as the first instalment, and each additional applicant under 18 pays AUD 1,560.

टिप्पणी: Under-18 figure $1,560 is the next row of the same table; the Home Affairs pricing data shows Over18Price AUD3,120.00 and Under18Price AUD1,560.00. 계산: the source prints amounts with a space as thousands separator ($3 120, $1 560); the comma is only a notation change.

Applicants holding a passport from a Pacific-regional country (and family members combined with them) pay a lower first instalment: AUD 5,110 base, AUD 2,560 for each additional adult and AUD 1,280 for each additional child.

टिप्पणी: Table rows for the Pacific-regional concession are item 1113(2)(a)(i). Home Affairs says the lower cost applies from 1 July 2026. 계산: the source prints amounts with a space as thousands separator ($5 110, $2 560, $1 280); the comma is only a notation change.

The Pacific-regional countries for this concession are the Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Kiribati, Nauru, Palau, Papua New Guinea, the Marshall Islands, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tuvalu and Vanuatu.

From 1 July 2026 eligible Pacific Island and Timor-Leste citizens who lodge a valid application are charged the lower visa cost automatically in ImmiAccount, based on the passport used in the application.

Family members get the lower visa cost too, and eligibility is judged from the primary applicant's passport.

A second instalment of AUD 4,890 is charged for each applicant who was 18 or over at application and is assessed as not having functional English, apart from limited family-violence-related exceptions; it is paid only when Home Affairs asks, and only if the visa is about to be granted.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-23 verifier pass: amount re-confirmed on the 858 page (updated 12 Oct 2026) and in Schedule 1 item 1113(2)(b) (Nil for applicants meeting 858.321(3), (3A) or (4)).

Applicants aged 18 or over must give evidence of at least functional English, or else pay the second instalment; they can choose to pay it instead by telling Home Affairs through ImmiAccount.

The first instalment is payable when the application is made and the second instalment is payable before the visa is granted.

The application charge is not refunded if the visa application is refused.

Home Affairs does not charge anything to process a nomination, and Form 1000 states that no fee may be paid to the nominator for completing it.

टिप्पणी: Form footer shows design date 11/24; asof set to month end because no day is printed.

The visa application must be lodged online through ImmiAccount, and an applicant relying on the achievement criteria must submit the completed Form 1000 from the nominator with it.

Home Affairs says an application that does not attach a completed Form 1000 will not be processed.

टिप्पणी: Regulations (item 1113(3)(d)) require Form 1000 only where the applicant relies on the achievement criteria in subclause 858.212(2); the security-assistance route in 858.212(4) is separate.

The nominator must sign Form 1000, and the applicant must answer every relevant question on it according to the form instructions.

Evidence of achievement can include top international awards, a national research grant, a research PhD from a leading university, recent top-journal publications, patents, keynote talks, earnings at or above the Fair Work high income threshold and international media coverage.

Documents submitted with the visa application must show the achievements claimed in the EOI that earned the invitation.

If the applicant is under 18 or 55 or older, extra evidence of exceptional benefit to Australia is needed, for example a senior leadership job offer, contracts with prominent Australian organisations, or a business plan for a highly innovative organisation.

Evidence of the ability to establish in Australia can include a statement on Australian opportunities in the field, nominator information and letters about future employment or business opportunities; income from work outside the field cannot be counted.

Police certificates are required for any country where the applicant spent 12 months or more in the last 10 years since turning 16; for Australia only a complete-disclosure National Police Certificate from the Australian Federal Police is accepted.

Non-English documents must be translated into English, and both the originals and the translations are submitted; certified copies are not needed.

The applicant and family members who apply with them must meet the health requirement, and family members not travelling to Australia may need to as well.

The applicant and family members aged 16 or over who apply must meet the character requirement, including family members who will not come to Australia.

The applicant and every family member, even those not applying, must not owe money to the Australian Government, or must have a payment arrangement before the visa can be granted.

Applicants aged 18 or over must have read, or had explained to them, the Life in Australia booklet and sign an Australian Values Statement.

Home Affairs takes immigration history into account, so an earlier visa cancellation or refusal may affect eligibility.

The main applicant must satisfy public interest criteria 4001, 4002, 4003, 4003B, 4004, 4007, 4009, 4010 and 4021 at the time of decision, plus 4019 if aged 18 or over when applying, and 4020 unless relying on the security-assistance route.

टिप्पणी: Clauses 858.221 and 858.227 of Schedule 2 (compilation 289, 2 Oct 2026). Under-18 applicants also have 4017/4018 (858.225).

Family unit members can be included in the application; an applicant under 18 can include only parents and members of a parent's family unit.

Family members can be added to the application at any time before a decision is made (after lodging, by attaching Form 1436 in ImmiAccount), except that an applicant under 18 can include family members only when applying.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-23 verifier pass: added the under-18 exception and the Form 1436 route, both stated in the 'Add family members' step of the same Home Affairs page (updated 12 Oct 2026); the quote itself covers only the general rule.

A child aged 18 to under 23 can be included if dependent on the applicant or partner; from age 23 only if unable to earn a living because of physical or cognitive limitations and dependent on them.

Home Affairs says a dependent child over 18 must prove they have been financially dependent on the applicant for at least 12 months before the application is lodged.

For an unmarried partner, a de facto relationship needs state or territory registration or enough documents showing it has lasted at least 12 months before applying.

For a child under 18 applying, consent to migrate is needed from anyone who has the legal right to decide where the child lives and is not coming to Australia with the child, for example on Form 1229 or a statutory declaration.

This is a permanent visa and the holder becomes a permanent resident on the day it is granted.

टिप्पणी: Page says permanent residence begins on the day of grant; for citizenship purposes it starts on grant if in Australia, or first entry if outside (see fact 098).

The visa permits travel to and from Australia for 5 years from the grant date; after that, re-entry as a permanent resident needs a Resident Return visa (subclass 155 or 157).

The regulations describe the visa as a permanent visa permitting travel to and entry into Australia for 5 years from the date of grant.

For citizenship purposes, permanent residence starts on the grant date if the holder is in Australia, or on the date of first entry on the visa if the holder is outside Australia.

टिप्पणी: The page's closing 'Becoming an Australian citizen' line simplifies this to the day of first entry; the About and In Australia sections give the grant-date rule for people in Australia, which is used here.

The visa allows the holder to live permanently, work and study, enrol in Medicare and sponsor relatives; newly arrived residents may have to wait before getting certain government payments.

A New Zealand passport holder should tell the border officer they hold this visa and do not want a Special Category visa (subclass 444); otherwise a non-permanent 444 may be granted, which might reduce citizenship eligibility.

The applicant may be in or outside Australia when the visa is decided, but not in immigration clearance, and the second instalment must be paid before grant.

The 2026-27 permanent Migration Program is set at 185,000 places, announced on 12 May 2026, with the Skilled stream at 132,240 places.

The Talent and Innovation category, which includes the National Innovation visa, has a planning level of 3,500 places for 2026-27 (including 20 places for the Business Innovation & Investment visas), down from 5,300 in both 2024-25 and 2025-26.

टिप्पणी: The year headings are quoted as the page source writes them (en dash as the HTML entity –); the table columns run 2024-25, 2025-26, 2026-27 in that order. Footnote 2 says the 3,500 includes 20 places for the Business Innovation & Investment visas.

The Talent and Innovation planning level includes 20 places reserved for the Business Innovation and Investment visas, so the share left for talent visas is slightly smaller than 3,500.

Home Affairs says the Talent and Innovation category counts the National Innovation visa together with the closed Global Talent, Distinguished Talent and Business Innovation and Investment visas, and that existing Global Talent and Distinguished Talent applicants will not be adversely affected.

The Global Talent Employer Sponsored (GTES) program is a separate employer-sponsorship route in which approved businesses sponsor workers for highly skilled niche roles through a Skills in Demand visa; it is not the National Innovation visa.

Under GTES, an Established Business stream employer can use up to 20 positions a year and a Startup stream employer up to 5 positions a year, and startups must be endorsed by the GTES startup advisory panel.

The NSW Government runs its own nomination for the National Innovation visa, and a NSW nomination gives the applicant Priority 2 consideration with Home Affairs.

टिप्पणी: asof = page metadata modified date (2026-03-02).

For NSW nomination an applicant may hold only one active Registration of Interest at a time, and it stays valid for six months.

टिप्पणी: asof = page metadata modified date (2026-03-02).

Candidates nominated by the Queensland Government are treated as priority two by Home Affairs; Queensland's Registrations of Interest for 2025-26 were closed at the time of reading and are to reopen for 2026-27.

टिप्पणी: Registration status can change; page read 2026-10-22.

A primary applicant for the Student visa (subclass 500) must, as a general rule, be enrolled in a course of study at the time the visa is decided; narrow alternatives exist for thesis marking and for Foreign Affairs and Defence students.

For most applicants a Student visa course of study means a full-time registered course (a course on the CRICOS register); special definitions apply to secondary exchange, Foreign Affairs and Defence students.

Every primary applicant must be a genuine applicant for entry and stay as a student, judged on their circumstances, immigration history, intention to comply with visa conditions and any other relevant matter.

The Genuine Student requirement applies to Student visa applications lodged on or after 23 March 2024; applications lodged before that date are assessed under the older Genuine Temporary Entrant test.

The Genuine Student questions are answered inside the online visa form, with a limit of 150 words per response and every answer written in English; supporting documents are attached in ImmiAccount.

Home Affairs states that an applicant's possible later wish to apply for permanent residence does not count against them under the Genuine Student requirement.

Ministerial Direction 106 tells decision makers not to treat its listed factors as a checklist; the factors only guide an overall assessment of the applicant's circumstances.

Direction 106 lists circumstances that may call for closer scrutiny, including where the applicant holds a Temporary Graduate (485), Visitor, ETA or eVisitor visa, or holds or previously held a student visa.

The Minister may require a Student visa applicant to give evidence of English proficiency that meets the requirements set in a legislative instrument, unless the applicant falls into an exempt class.

An English test used for a Student visa must have been taken within the 2 years before the visa application is lodged (or before the decision, if the evidence is given later).

Accepted English tests for the Student visa are C1 Advanced, CELPIP General, IELTS Academic, IELTS General Training, LANGUAGECERT Academic, MET, OET, PTE Academic and TOEFL iBT.

टिप्पणी: Schedule 1 of the same instrument accepts C1 Advanced only at an overall score of 161 and gives no reduced score for ELICOS, foundation or pathway study (those columns say not accepted). | Verifier 2026-10-23: corrected the earlier note, which wrongly said C1 Advanced is not accepted; quote switched to the s 6(1)(a) list. The 485 instrument (F2025L00907) does not accept C1 Advanced at all.

For a Student visa with no accompanying English course, the minimum IELTS Academic or General Training average band score is 6.0; it falls to 5.5 with at least 10 weeks of ELICOS (or a foundation or eligible pathway program) and 5.0 with at least 20 weeks of ELICOS.

टिप्पणी: Quote is one table row of Schedule 1 as extracted from the PDF; the three scores are the Column 2/3/4 minimums. | Verifier 2026-10-23: added the 10-week (clause 5(3)(a)) and 20-week (clause 5(4)(a)) ELICOS conditions as quotes.

For a Student visa with no accompanying English course, the minimum PTE Academic overall score is 47; it is 39 with at least 10 weeks of ELICOS (or foundation or eligible pathway program) and 31 with at least 20 weeks of ELICOS.

टिप्पणी: Quote is one table row of Schedule 1 as extracted from the PDF. | Verifier 2026-10-23: added the 10-week (clause 5(3)(a)) and 20-week (clause 5(4)(a)) ELICOS conditions as quotes.

For a Student visa with no accompanying English course, the minimum TOEFL iBT total score is 67; it is 51 with at least 10 weeks of ELICOS (or foundation or eligible pathway program) and 37 with at least 20 weeks of ELICOS.

टिप्पणी: Quote is one table row of Schedule 1 as extracted from the PDF. | Verifier 2026-10-23: added the 10-week (clause 5(3)(a)) and 20-week (clause 5(4)(a)) ELICOS conditions as quotes.

A Student visa applicant does not need to prove English with a test if they hold and are a citizen of a passport from Canada, New Zealand, Ireland, the United Kingdom or the United States.

The English test requirement is also waived for people whose only course is ELICOS, a registered school course, a postgraduate research course, or a course registered to be taught in a language other than English.

Evidence of financial capacity is requested by the Minister when needed, and the applicant must also have genuine access to enough funds for their own and any accompanying family members' costs while holding the visa.

A primary Student visa applicant staying 12 months or more must show funds for annual living costs of AUD29,710 plus travel costs and the course fees for the first 12 months (less amounts already paid).

For each accompanying family member, the funds test adds AUD10,394 a year for a spouse or de facto partner and AUD4,449 a year for a dependent child.

For a school-age dependant staying more than 12 months the funds test adds annual school costs of AUD13,502.

As an alternative to showing funds, the applicant can show official government income documents (issued in the last 12 months) proving a parent or spouse earns at least AUD87,856 a year, or AUD102,500 if a family member applies too.

टिप्पणी: Verifier 2026-10-23: compilation F2024C00445 (10 May 2024) is still the latest version of LIN 19/198; section 6(3) covers parent, spouse or de facto partner.

For stays shorter than 12 months, the living-cost figures are pro-rated by dividing the annual amount by 365 and multiplying by the number of days the applicant intends to stay.

Accepted forms of funds evidence are a money deposit with a financial institution, a loan with a financial institution, government loans, and a scholarship or financial support.

A Student visa applicant must give evidence of adequate arrangements for health insurance covering the whole intended stay in Australia, and condition 8501 (health insurance) must be imposed on a primary Student visa.

टिप्पणी: Round 2 2026-10-23: statement narrowed to what clause 500.611 (this source volume) says; the wording of condition 8501 itself is in Sch 8.

Condition 8501 requires the holder to maintain adequate arrangements for health insurance for as long as they are in Australia.

टिप्पणी: Round 3 2026-10-23: Sch 8 cl 8501 re-read in compilation 289; condition number added as quote.

The Student visa length of stay is tied to the Overseas Student Health Cover (OSHC) period, which at minimum must cover the course length, and the visa end date cannot be changed once granted.

Home Affairs guidance on visa condition 8501 says private health cover used to meet the minimum level must pay a per-person annual benefit of at least AUD1,000,000; it notes that OSHC and OVHC products commonly provide the recommended minimum level.

टिप्पणी: Page is guidance about the minimum level of cover for visa condition 8501; the Department of Health OSHC Deed was not separately read. | Verifier 2026-10-23: page re-fetched (last updated 22/10/2026); wording changed from "suggests ... should" to the page's own "must not be less than" for the AUD1,000,000 limit (the waiting-period items on the same page remain recommendations, see 028). | Verifier 2026-10-23: added the quote that names condition 8501 and the OSHC sentence.

Home Affairs guidance lists the maximum waiting periods it suggests for cover, which follow the OSHC settings: 12 months for pregnancy and birth, 12 months for pre-existing conditions and 2 months for most other treatments.

टिप्पणी: Verifier 2026-10-23: source also lists 2 months for psychiatric, rehabilitation or palliative care and 0 months for obstetrics on policies of 2 years or more; statement keeps the main settings.

The standard first-instalment application charge for a Student visa is AUD2,500 for the primary applicant, AUD1,530 for each added applicant aged 18 or over and AUD500 for each added applicant under 18; the second instalment is nil.

टिप्पणी: Amounts were set by Home Affairs Legislation Amendment (2026 Measures No. 1) Regulations 2026 (F2026L00874, commenced 1 July 2026). | Verifier 2026-10-23: 원문 천 단위 표기가 "$2 500"처럼 공백이라 쉼표 표기로 환산(계산). Table is the "any other applicant" tier of item 1222(2)(a)(ii); lower tiers (Pacific passport, listed Southeast Asian passports, ELICOS or non-award) are separate entries.

A reduced Student visa first-instalment charge of AUD2,050 for the primary applicant (AUD1,255 per added adult, AUD410 per added child) applies to holders of a passport from one of ten listed Southeast Asian countries and to ELICOS or non-award applicants without a Pacific-regional or listed passport.

टिप्पणी: Verifier 2026-10-23: 원문 천 단위 표기가 "$2 500"처럼 공백이라 쉼표 표기로 환산(계산). Corrected: the regulation lists ten named countries in item 1222(5A) rather than "ASEAN" membership (Timor-Leste is not listed); the ELICOS or non-award tier applies only to applicants without a Pacific-regional or listed passport.

Primary Student visa applicants with a passport from a Pacific-regional country (the Regulations list includes Timor-Leste) pay a reduced base charge of AUD745, with AUD555 for each added adult and AUD185 for each added child.

टिप्पणी: Verifier 2026-10-23: added that the Pacific-regional country list in reg 1.03 includes Timor-Leste.

The reduced ASEAN-rate countries for the Student visa charge are Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam.

The government linked its July 2026 decision to hold the 2027 National Planning Level steady with student and temporary graduate visa charges rising by 25 per cent, while lower rates were introduced for ASEAN students, standalone ELICOS and non-award courses.

टिप्पणी: Joint ministerial media release dated 3 July 2026; the regulation amounts took effect 1 July 2026.

A subsequent temporary application charge of AUD700 is added when a visa listed by the Minister is applied for from inside Australia by someone who held a previous listed visa and was also in Australia when they applied for it.

टिप्पणी: Visas that attract the charge are set in the Ministerial instrument IMMI 18/055 (see student-graduate-120). | Verifier 2026-10-23: visa tags corrected: the 485 is not listed in either schedule of IMMI 18/055, so the earlier 485 tag was wrong.

From 2 October 2026 new rules limit who can apply for and be granted a Student (500) or Student Guardian (590) visa while in Australia, and whether family members can be included.

Since 2 October 2026 a person who holds a Student visa and wants a new primary Student visa must apply from outside Australia, unless they hold the current visa as a primary holder in an exempt class such as Defence, Foreign Affairs or school students or a class set by instrument.

टिप्पणी: Verifier 2026-10-23: narrowed wording: under item 1222(3)(aa)(iii) the exemptions apply only to people holding the current visa as primary holder; a secondary-visa holder seeking a primary visa must be outside Australia.

The exemption classes in item 1222(3A) that let a current Student visa holder lodge a further primary application in Australia include Defence students, Foreign Affairs students and school students.

टिप्पणी: Item 1222(3A)(d) also allows further classes to be specified by instrument; the Home Affairs factsheet separately lists exemptions such as needing up to 12 more months with the same provider and progression to a higher AQF level.

Holders of substantive visas such as Temporary Graduate (485), Skills in Demand (482), Working Holiday (417), Work and Holiday (462) and Visitor (600) fall within the class set by the 2026 instrument, so since 2 October 2026 they cannot apply for a Student visa from inside Australia while holding those visas (item 1222(4)(a)(ii)).

टिप्पणी: Under item 1222(4)(a)(ii) a substantive visa holder in these classes cannot use the in-Australia route; item 1222(4)(b) retains narrow exceptions. The instrument commences the later of the day after registration and the Student Visa Reform Regulations. Verifier 2026-10-22: reworded; instrument table re-read (items 1-17, all 'any stream' except 403 Domestic Worker stream and 995 with a Division 995.2 condition). | Verifier 2026-10-23: note corrected: item 1222(4)(b) (subitems 4A/4B) applies only to applicants who hold no substantive visa, so it gives no in-Australia route to holders of the listed visas.

A secondary (family) Student visa application may now be made only where the primary applicant is a Defence or Foreign Affairs student or holds a Pacific-regional or ASEAN-listed passport, in grandfathered cases (family already in Australia on a student visa, or a child born in Australia to a primary holder), or in classes the Minister specifies by instrument.

टिप्पणी: Home Affairs factsheet also lists PhD students and foreign-government scholarship holders as exempt; those come through classes specified by instrument under item 1222(5)(c), which was not read. Verifier 2026-10-22: added the born-in-Australia child cases (1222(3)(da)(iv)-(v)) and the instrument-specified classes ((da)(vi)).

A primary Student visa application must include a valid (not cancelled or revoked) confirmation of enrolment number for each intended course, unless a special letter applies for Foreign Affairs, Defence, exchange or thesis-marking cases.

An applicant who will be under 18 at any time in Australia must lodge evidence of intended accommodation, support and general welfare arrangements with the application.

For under-18 students the welfare arrangements approved by the education provider must last for the CoE period plus 7 days, or until the student turns 18, and the student must not arrive before they start.

A school student applying for a Student visa (other than a student on a secondary school exchange program) must be at least 6 years old when applying, and must start year 9, 10, 11 or 12 before turning 17, 18, 19 or 20 respectively.

टिप्पणी: Verifier 2026-10-23: clause 500.216 quoted in full. | Round 3 2026-10-23: re-read cl 500.216 in compilation 289; lead-in (exchange-student carve-out) added as a quote, wording of statement unchanged in substance.

While a course is in session, a Student visa holder may work up to 48 hours per fortnight: condition 8105 sets a 40-hour limit and then reads it as 48 hours for Subclass 500 holders and their related bridging visas.

टिप्पणी: Verifier 2026-10-23: the 48-hour substitution quoted is clause 8105(2A) (in-session cap); clause 8105(2) exempts course-required work and, after commencement, masters-by-research and doctoral students.

The work-hours limit applies to any fortnight in which the holder's course is in session, and a fortnight is the 14-day period beginning on a Monday.

The limit does not apply to work that is a requirement of the course as recorded on CRICOS, nor to masters-by-research or doctoral students once they have started that degree.

A primary Student visa holder must not work before their course starts, unless when applying they held a visa that allowed work and were permitted to work.

A Student visa holder who is a family member of the primary holder (condition 8104) may work at most 48 hours a fortnight while in Australia (the 40-hour figure is read as 48 for Subclass 500) and, unless an exception applies, may not work until the primary holder has started a course.

टिप्पणी: Verifier 2026-10-23: split: the masters/doctoral and previous-work-permission exceptions moved to student-graduate-121 and student-graduate-122 so each entry is atomic; earlier notes: condition 8104 limit applies whenever the holder is in Australia (not only in-session).

Study Australia advises that work conditions vary by visa, so holders should confirm their work rights in VEVO or the grant letter, and that international students have the same workplace rights as other workers.

Study Australia lists situations where the 48-hour cap does not apply, including scheduled course breaks, after the course on the CoE is completed while the visa is valid, and after the course starts for masters by research or doctoral students.

टिप्पणी: Verifier 2026-10-22: live Study Australia page lists the unlimited-hours situations (scheduled course breaks; after the course on the CoE is completed while visa valid; provider default; masters by research/doctorate after the course starts) directly under this heading.

A primary Student visa must carry conditions 8105 (work), 8202 (enrolment), 8501 (health insurance), 8516, 8517, 8532, 8533 and 8208 (critical technology study); further conditions apply to Iranian citizens and sponsored students.

Condition 8202 requires most holders to stay enrolled in a full-time registered course that leads to a qualification at the same or a higher AQF level, and not to be certified as failing course progress or attendance.

A holder breaches condition 8202 if the education provider certifies that they are not achieving satisfactory course progress or satisfactory attendance under the ESOS Act and National Code.

A holder who arrived from overseas must give the education provider their Australian residential address within 7 days of arrival, and notify later address changes and changes of provider within 7 days.

Condition 8208 stops a holder from undertaking critical-technology-related study (a postgraduate research course or thesis topic relating to critical technology, or its prerequisite bridging course) unless the Minister is satisfied there is no unreasonable risk of unwanted technology transfer and has approved it in writing; it does not apply to the study evidenced in the visa application.

The maximum Student visa length of stay will generally not exceed 6 years.

A Student visa for a course of 10 months or longer that finishes at the end of the Australian academic year (November-December) usually runs to 15 March of the following year.

टिप्पणी: Verifier 2026-10-23: table row for courses of 10 months or longer ending in November-December quoted.

A course of 10 months or longer finishing between January and October usually gets a visa 2 months longer than the course, and a course shorter than 10 months gets 1 month longer.

Postgraduate research students usually receive 6 months more than the standard period so they can stay while their thesis is marked.

The maximum Student visa period for primary school-aged students is generally 3 years, and they can apply for another student visa to continue.

Tertiary students generally get no more than 5 years of Student visa stay, though a package of courses showing clear progression can be granted up to 6 years.

टिप्पणी: Verifier 2026-10-23: six-year packaged limit quoted.

High school students enrolled in years 7 to 12 may be granted a Student visa for a maximum of 6 years.

Home Affairs states that offshore Student visa applications lodged before 14 November 2025 are processed under Ministerial Direction 111 and those lodged on or after that date under Ministerial Direction 115.

Home Affairs says a lower Student visa charge applies to eligible Pacific Island and Timor-Leste citizens, eligible ASEAN citizens, and ELICOS and non-award sector applicants.

When courses are packaged together on a single Student visa, the gap between them must generally be under two calendar months, or up to four months if the first course ends in November and the next begins in February.

टिप्पणी: Round 3 2026-10-23: page re-read; both sentences present verbatim.

The 2026 National Planning Level is 295,000 international student places, announced on 4 August 2025 as 25,000 more places than in 2025.

टिप्पणी: Verifier 2026-10-23: media release dated 4 August 2025; the release says "international student places", the 2027 allocation document calls the same unit new overseas student commencements.

The National Planning Level for 2026 is 295,000 New Overseas Student Commencements (NOSCs), and providers delivering higher education and VET to international students receive 2026 allocations in line with it.

The 2027 National Planning Level is set at 295,000 new overseas student commencements, with 161,725 places for public universities and 38,500 for other higher education providers; VET allocations are published by the employment department.

टिप्पणी: Verifier 2026-10-23: wording "stays at" replaced by "is set at": this document does not itself compare with 2026 (295,000 per student-graduate-067).

On 3 July 2026 the Department of Education announced a 2027 National Planning Level of 295,000, the same as 2026, and said no active international education provider will get a lower allocation in 2027 than in 2026.

From 2027 the Australian Tertiary Education Commission will oversee international student allocations for higher education providers, while the Government keeps setting the overall planning level.

For 2026 a student counts as a New Overseas Student Commencement when onshore and starting their first non-exempt course at their first provider, and again each time they change into a non-exempt course at a different provider.

For 2026, categories exempt from the National Planning Level include schools, standalone ELICOS, higher degree by research, non-award students, certain scholarship holders, certain transnational education students, Pacific and Timor-Leste students and pilot training.

टिप्पणी: Verifier 2026-10-22: the 2027 arrangements factsheet (education.gov.au, download/20474) keeps these exemptions and adds TAFE students and VET students at dual-sector public universities; that file is a .docx so it is not used as a quoted source here.

From 2026 these groups are also exempt from the planning level: students moving from Australian secondary school to tertiary study, students moving from embedded pathway providers or TAFE to affiliated publicly funded universities, and students displaced by a provider closing.

टिप्पणी: Verifier 2026-10-23: the statement that 2027 retains all of them is confirmed by the 2027 arrangements factsheet (education.gov.au download/20474, a .docx, not used as the quoted source): 'All existing exemptions (as detailed in MD115) will be retained'. | Round 2 2026-10-23: removed the claim that the 2027 arrangements retain all these exemptions from the statement: this source is the 2026 factsheet; the retention line is only in a .docx 2027 factsheet that cannot be machine-quoted.

For 2027, students studying VET courses at public universities are exempt from the National Planning Level, so dual-sector public universities receive no VET allocation; the minimum allocation for any active higher education provider stays at 50.

For 2027, where applicable, allocations of higher education providers other than public universities were revised upwards using 90 per cent of a provider’s 2025 activity, counting offshore commencements at weight 1.0 and onshore commencements at 0.5.

टिप्पणी: Verifier 2026-10-23: scope narrowed: the page applies this method to 'other higher education providers' (public universities keep their 2026 allocation).

Visa processing priority for offshore Student visa applications is set by the main provider's progress against its indicative allocation, with a prioritisation threshold at 80 per cent of the allocation.

The upper threshold at which a provider's applications fall to Priority 3 is 115 per cent of its indicative allocation.

टिप्पणी: Verifier 2026-10-23: Priority 3 clause 7(5) quoted; no 2026 replacement of Direction 115 found.

Under Direction 115, Priority 1 includes provider applications below the 80 per cent threshold plus exempt groups such as school, non-award, standalone ELICOS, TAFE, pilot training, postgraduate research, sponsored, scholarship, Pacific and Timor-Leste and transnational education students.

Direction 115 says that prioritising offshore Student visa applications by provider allocation is not a limit or cap on visas granted to any provider's students, and that the indicative allocation is used solely to determine how many applications are processed under Priority 1, Priority 2 and Priority 3.

टिप्पणी: Round 3 2026-10-23: Direction 115 s 7(8) re-read (commences 14 Nov 2025, revokes Direction 111); statement tightened to the wording that the allocation is used solely to determine how many applications go through each priority.

Direction 115 prioritisation runs on a 12-month cycle beginning each 15 November, so applications lodged from 15 November 2025 to 14 November 2026 count against the 2026 allocation.

टिप्पणी: Verifier 2026-10-23: the Direction's own example for calendar year 2026 quoted.

Direction 115 took over from Direction 111 on 14 November 2025 for offshore Student visa applications made on or after that date.

Home Affairs aims to begin processing Priority 1 offshore applications within 1-4 weeks of lodgement, Priority 2 within 5-8 weeks and Priority 3 within 9-12 weeks, based on 2025 lodgements, and the priority level does not affect whether a visa is granted.

The Temporary Graduate visa (subclass 485) is a temporary visa that lets international students live, study and work in Australia after they finish their studies.

टिप्पणी: Round 3 2026-10-23: page re-read; page title carries the subclass number.

The Regulations give the Temporary Graduate (485) visa the Post-Vocational Education Work, Post-Higher Education Work and Replacement streams, and the primary criteria that apply depend on the stream the applicant nominates.

टिप्पणी: Round 2 2026-10-23: the Replacement stream closure and the one-stream rule were moved to student-graduate-123 and student-graduate-124 (they are in Schedule 1, not in this volume).

Study Australia says an applicant must apply for the eligible stream of the Temporary Graduate (subclass 485) visa and cannot change streams after applying.

टिप्पणी: Verifier 2026-10-22: original quote matched the Subclass 192 clause (same wording); the 485 rule is item 1229(3)(j) 'must nominate only one stream to which the application relates'. Source switched to the Study Australia page that states the no-change rule. | Round 2 2026-10-23: the Regulations part (nominate only one stream) split to student-graduate-124 so each entry rests on its own source.

The Replacement stream required the application to be made before 1 July 2024 and a first 485 visa granted before 15 December 2021, so it is closed to new applicants.

टिप्पणी: Verifier 2026-10-23: also requires the first visa to have been in effect on or after 1 February 2020.

A first-time applicant in the Post-Higher Education Work stream of the Temporary Graduate visa must have completed one or more degrees at Australian institutions in the 6 months before applying, through registered courses totalling at least 16 calendar months and 2 academic years of study (this does not apply to applicants who meet the regional clauses 485.232 to 485.235).

The study must be in registered (CRICOS) courses taught entirely in English and undertaken in Australia while holding a visa that authorised study.

Post-Vocational Education Work applicants must complete an associate degree, diploma or trade qualification in the 6 months before applying, and it must be closely related to their nominated skilled occupation.

Post-Vocational applicants need a skills assessment by a relevant assessing authority made within the last 3 years, and must nominate an occupation from the list the Minister specifies.

A 485 primary applicant must be 35 or younger, but the limit is under 50 for holders of Hong Kong or British National (Overseas) passports and for those who completed a masters by research or a doctorate.

टिप्पणी: Current rule per the 2 October 2026 compilation of the Regulations. | Verifier 2026-10-23: lead-in to the age test quoted so that the 485 subclass is tied to the age rule.

A primary 485 applicant must hold an eligible student visa, or hold a bridging A/B or other substantive visa and have held an eligible student visa in the 6 months before applying; a subsequent Post-Higher Education Work applicant may instead hold a Post-Study Work or Post-Higher Education Work 485, and visas granted to Foreign Affairs or Defence students or as a family member do not count.

टिप्पणी: Verifier 2026-10-23: removed the 'outside Australia only needs to have held one' claim from the statement: limb (ia) exists but primary 485 applicants must generally apply from inside Australia (item 1229(3)(f)-(g)); added the subsequent-stream limbs (v)-(vi).

For Temporary Graduate visa purposes, an eligible student visa is any student visa except a visa granted to a Foreign Affairs or Defence student, or granted because the person is a family member of a student visa holder.

टिप्पणी: Round 3 2026-10-23: definition is in Sch 1 item 1229(11) (Class VC, which covers the Temporary Graduate visa); re-read in compilation 289.

Counting the visa being applied for, a person cannot hold more than 4 Temporary Graduate (485) visas in total.

टिप्पणी: Quote is the short clause under 1229(4)(aa); clause 485.211(d) separately limits earlier Post-Study Work and Post-Higher Education Work grants. | Verifier 2026-10-23: lead-in quoted so that the 485 subclass and "including that visa" are tied to the limit.

An applicant normally lodges from inside Australia (not in immigration clearance); Replacement-stream applicants and some family members of existing visa holders may apply from outside, and the visa may be granted in or outside Australia.

Each primary Temporary Graduate applicant, and each family applicant aged 16 or over, must show they applied for an Australian Federal Police check in the 12 months before the application, except applicants who meet clauses 485.232 to 485.235.

A Temporary Graduate applicant must provide evidence of adequate health insurance when applying and keep adequate cover from the time of application, and condition 8501 is imposed on the visa.

The grant of a 485 visa is subject to the annual maximum number of 485 visas (or combined classes) that the Minister specifies by instrument for each financial year.

टिप्पणी: The ministerial instrument that states the actual yearly number was not read, so the cap number is not recorded here.

A 485 English test score must have been achieved within the 1 year before the visa application was made.

For the 485 Post-Vocational Education Work and Post-Higher Education Work streams, the IELTS requirement is an average band score of at least 6.5 with at least 5.5 in each component, for IELTS Academic and General Training.

टिप्पणी: Verifier 2026-10-23: the instrument defines "visa applicant" as an applicant in the Post-Vocational Education Work or Post-Higher Education Work stream (scope added to the statement); IELTS General Training row has the same scores.

For the 485 Post-Vocational Education Work and Post-Higher Education Work streams, the PTE Academic requirement is an overall score of at least 55 with at least 40 listening, 42 reading, 41 writing and 39 speaking.

टिप्पणी: Verifier 2026-10-23: scope (the two work streams) added; writing and speaking rows quoted.

For the 485 Post-Vocational Education Work and Post-Higher Education Work streams, the TOEFL iBT requirement is a total score of at least 81 with at least 12 listening, 12 reading, 14 writing and 17 speaking.

टिप्पणी: Writing 14 and speaking 17 are in the next two lines of the same table row. | Verifier 2026-10-23: scope (the two work streams) added; writing and speaking rows quoted.

For the 485 Post-Vocational Education Work and Post-Higher Education Work streams, Hong Kong and British National (Overseas) passport holders face lower English scores, for example an IELTS average of 6.0 with at least 5.0 in each component.

टिप्पणी: Verifier 2026-10-23: scope (the two work streams) added; section 7(b) quoted for the passport condition.

A 485 applicant with a valid passport from Canada, New Zealand, Ireland, the United Kingdom or the United States, and citizenship of that country, does not need to show a language test.

For a Subclass 485 (Skilled Provisional Class VC) application by anyone outside the Pacific-passport and PHE-visa tiers, the first-instalment charge is AUD5,750 for the primary applicant, AUD2,875 per added adult and AUD1,450 per added child under 18.

टिप्पणी: This is the "any other applicant" row (not a Pacific passport holder and not holding a prior PHE visa). Amounts are taken from the Regulations and from F2026L00874 item 52; the July 2026 ministerial release separately describes general student and temporary graduate charge increases of 25 per cent, and the two were not reconciled. | Verifier 2026-10-23: re-read item 1229(2)(a)(iv) in compilation 289 and F2026L00874 item 52: $5,750 / $2,875 / $1,450 confirmed; the 25 per cent headline in the ministerial release is a general figure, not a per-visa table, so the Regulations amounts are the authority. | Verifier 2026-10-23: 원문 천 단위 표기가 "$2 500"처럼 공백이라 쉼표 표기로 환산(계산). Corrected the old "first 485" wording: item 1229(2)(a)(iv) applies to "any other applicant", i.e. not covered by the PHE-visa or Pacific-passport tiers (Replacement-stream and first-time applicants alike).

A Subclass 485 applicant in the Post-Higher Education Work stream who already holds a PHE visa pays a lower base charge of AUD2,265 if without a Pacific-regional passport (AUD1,140 per added adult, AUD575 per added child), and AUD930 with a Pacific-regional passport. A PHE visa is a Post-Study Work or Post-Higher Education Work stream 485, or a Replacement-stream 485 held by someone who earlier had a Post-Study Work one.

टिप्पणी: Verifier 2026-10-22: added the Pacific-passport PHE-holder tier (base 930, adult 465, child 235) shown just above it in item 1229. | Verifier 2026-10-23: 원문 천 단위 표기가 "$2 500"처럼 공백이라 쉼표 표기로 환산(계산). Corrected the PHE visa definition (adds the Replacement-stream case, clause 1229(7)).

Applicants with a Pacific-regional passport who are not already Post-Higher Education Work holders pay a reduced 485 base charge of AUD2,360, with AUD1,180 for each added adult and AUD595 for each added child.

टिप्पणी: Verifier 2026-10-23: 원문 천 단위 표기가 "$2 500"처럼 공백이라 쉼표 표기로 환산(계산).

Study Australia says the Post-Higher Education Work stream usually runs 2 to 3 years depending on the qualification, the Post-Vocational Education Work stream up to 18 months, and Hong Kong and British National (Overseas) passport holders may stay for 5 years.

टिप्पणी: Verifier 2026-10-22: original statement applied the 2-3 year period to every 485; the page gives it for the Post-Higher Education Work stream only (second PHE visa: 1-2 years).

Study Australia says holders of the Temporary Graduate (subclass 485) visa can work in Australia and can bring their family.

टिप्पणी: Round 2 2026-10-23: trimmed to what the page says: the earlier "unrestricted hours in any sector" and "no work-hours cap" were not on the page and could not be confirmed on a Home Affairs page (JS-rendered), so they were dropped; the Regulations conditions (8501, 8610) moved to student-graduate-125.

A person who is a family member of a 485 primary holder and applied together can obtain a secondary 485 visa, which also requires adequate health insurance.

A second Post-Higher Education Work 485 generally requires that the first Post-Study Work or Post-Higher Education Work 485 was granted on study at an institution in a regional area, and that the applicant lived only in a regional area (a designated regional area where clause 485.233 applies) for at least 2 years before applying; clauses 485.232-485.235 set the variants.

Instrument LIN 22/022 sets the postcodes of the two kinds of regional area: s 3(1) lists the designated city or major regional centre type (for example NSW 2259 and 2264 to 2308, Victoria 3211 to 3232, and every Australian Capital Territory postcode) and s 3(2) lists the regional centre or other regional area type.

टिप्पणी: Instrument version in force since 5 March 2022, no later amendment on the Federal Register (checked 2026-10-23). | Verifier 2026-10-23: cross-read against reg 1.03 'designated regional area' and clauses 485.232-485.233 (compilation 289); upgraded to 확인 and quote switched to the s 3(1) wording. | Round 3 2026-10-23: statement narrowed to what LIN 22/022 itself says; the reg 1.03 definition and the 485.232/485.233 use of the two types moved to student-graduate-127 and -128 (different sources).

An educational institution counts for the Post-Higher Education Work stream if it is on the CRICOS register and offers courses at bachelor degree level or above.

टिप्पणी: Verifier 2026-10-22: effective corrected; the instrument first commenced 25 March 2023 and the wording 'bachelor's degree level or above' dates from compilation 1 (14 December 2024).

For the Post-Higher Education Work stream a degree counts only if awarded at AQF level 7 or higher and listed as bachelor, bachelor honours, graduate diploma, masters (research, coursework or extended) or doctoral or higher doctoral; graduate certificate was on the original June 2024 list but removed from 14 December 2024.

टिप्पणी: Verifier 2026-10-22: re-based on the compiled LIN 24/048 (compilation date 14 Dec 2024, latest version) and the original 28 Jun 2024 text (item (c) graduate certificate, repealed by LIN 24/086); applies to visa applications made on or after 14 Dec 2024.

Under the main Student Guardian (590) pathway for a nominating student under 18, the applicant must be a parent or custodian, or a relative aged 21 or over with written support from a parent or custodian (other pathways exist for adult students and for cases benefiting Australia's foreign relations).

A primary Student Guardian applicant staying 12 months or more must show AUD29,710 in annual living costs for themselves and AUD29,710 for the nominating student, plus AUD4,449 for each young secondary applicant, travel costs and the student's course fees for the part completed while the guardian is in Australia (up to 12 months).

टिप्पणी: Verifier 2026-10-23: secondary applicant living cost and course-fee clauses of section 9(2) quoted; compilation F2024C00445 is still the latest LIN 19/198.

Secondary Student Guardian applicants must not have turned 6.

The Ministerial instrument IMMI 18/055 names the Student visa (excluding Foreign Affairs, Defence and masters-by-research or doctoral students) and the Student Guardian visa as visas that can attract the subsequent temporary application charge; the Temporary Graduate visa is on neither schedule list.

टिप्पणी: Verifier 2026-10-23: added after finding that fact 034 wrongly tagged the 485; the instrument has no later compilation and is in force until its 2028 sunset. Schedule 2 (previous visa) also omits the 485. | Round 3 2026-10-23: instrument text re-read: it lists visas only and states no amount (the AUD700 figure is in reg 2.12C(6), see fees-charges-013), so the amount was removed from this statement; Sch 1 = visas for 2.12C(5)(a), Sch 2 = previous visas for 2.12C(5)(c), 485 in neither.

When the primary holder's course is a masters or doctoral degree, a family-member Student visa holder (condition 8104) may work more than the fortnightly hours cap while in Australia (clause 8104(3)).

टिप्पणी: Verifier 2026-10-23: split from student-graduate-049; for Subclass 500 holders the 40 hours in this clause is read as 48 (clause 8104(3A)).

A family-member Student visa holder (condition 8104) is not made to wait for the primary holder to start a course if the holder, or the primary holder, was permitted to work on a previous visa held when applying, and may then work beyond the hours cap before the course begins (clauses 8104(2A)-(2C)).

टिप्पणी: Verifier 2026-10-23: split from student-graduate-049.

The Replacement stream of the Temporary Graduate (485) visa could only be applied for before 1 July 2024, so it is closed to new applications.

टिप्पणी: Split from student-graduate-085 (round 2 2026-10-23).

A primary applicant for the Temporary Graduate (485) visa must nominate only one stream in the application.

टिप्पणी: Split from student-graduate-085 and student-graduate-086 (round 2 2026-10-23).

The Regulations require condition 8501 (health insurance) on every Temporary Graduate (485) visa, and condition 8610 on a subsequent Post-Higher Education Work visa granted under clauses 485.232-485.235 and on its secondary visa holders.

टिप्पणी: Split from student-graduate-110 (round 2 2026-10-23); the earlier inference that 485 has no work-hours cap is not asserted.

A person can apply as a secondary applicant for a Student visa only if the primary applicant is a Defence student, a Foreign Affairs student or holds a passport from a Pacific-regional country or a country the item specifies, or in listed transitional cases (already in Australia on a secondary Student visa, a child born in Australia to a primary holder), or the person is in a class the Minister specifies by instrument.

टिप्पणी: Added round 3 to resolve the conflict flagged on student-graduate-040. Transitional cases (ii)-(v) are summarised in the statement; see the clause for exact wording.

The Migration Regulations define a designated regional area as either a designated city or major regional centre, or a regional centre or other regional area; each of those two types is a part of Australia the Minister specifies by legislative instrument.

टिप्पणी: Split out of student-graduate-113 in round 3; the postcode lists are in LIN 22/022 (student-graduate-113).

For a later Temporary Graduate visa in the regional pathway, clause 485.232 requires the earlier visa to be granted on study in a regional centre or other regional area, while clause 485.233 covers study in any designated regional area for applicants to whom clause 485.232 does not apply.

टिप्पणी: Split out of student-graduate-113 in round 3 (clause text re-read in compilation 289; both clauses apply to holders of a Post-Study Work or Post-Higher Education Work stream first visa).

For a Partner (Residence) Class BS application made on or after 1 July 2026 by an applicant with no Pacific-regional passport who falls under none of the reduced-rate cases, the first-instalment base application charge is AUD 11,710.

टिप्पणी: Home Affairs states the cost shown covers both the temporary 820 and permanent 801 stages (see the 820 cost fact); Class BS is the permanent stage. Amount re-checked in F2026L00874 and compilation 289 (2 Oct 2026). Previous charge was AUD 9,365 per secondary sources only (not used). Quotes[] collapse the PDF's space thousands separator ($11 710) so the amount can be matched as a number.

For a Partner (Migrant) Class BC application (the offshore partner pathway) by an applicant without a Pacific-regional passport, the first-instalment base application charge in force from 1 July 2026 is AUD 11,710.

टिप्पणी: Class BC is the offshore Partner application (subclasses 309/100). Amount re-checked in F2026L00874 and compilation 289. Quotes[] collapse the PDF's space thousands separator.

On top of the main applicant's charge, each additional applicant on a Partner application pays AUD 5,860 if aged 18 or over and AUD 2,935 if under 18 (first instalment, from 1 July 2026, standard passport holders).

टिप्पणी: Same amounts appear in items 1124B, 1129 and 1215 (Partner and Prospective Marriage). Quotes[] collapse the PDF's space thousands separator.

Partner applicants holding a valid passport from a Pacific-regional country pay a lower first instalment: AUD 9,600 base, AUD 4,805 per additional adult and AUD 2,405 per additional child.

टिप्पणी: Applies to Partner (Class BS, BC) and Prospective Marriage (Class TO) applicants with a Pacific-regional passport. Quotes[] collapse the PDF's space thousands separator.

The regulations define Pacific-regional countries, whose passport holders get lower visa charges, as thirteen countries: Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Kiribati, Nauru, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Republic of the Marshall Islands, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tuvalu and Vanuatu.

The Prospective Marriage Class TO first-instalment base application charge is AUD 11,710 for standard passport holders from 1 July 2026, with AUD 5,860 for each additional adult and AUD 2,935 for each additional child.

टिप्पणी: Pacific-regional passport holders pay AUD 9,600 base under item 1215(2)(a)(i). Class TO is subclass 300. Quotes[] collapse the PDF's space thousands separator.

A holder of a Prospective Marriage (Class TO) visa who marries the sponsor and applies for the Partner (Residence) Class BS visa pays a reduced first-instalment base charge of AUD 1,955 (AUD 1,600 with a Pacific-regional passport), instead of AUD 11,710.

टिप्पणी: Conditions in item 1124B(2)(a)(viii)-(ix): applicant holds a Class TO visa, is married to the intended spouse named in that application and seeks to remain permanently on that marriage. Quotes[] collapse the PDF's space thousands separator.

A former Prospective Marriage visa holder who entered Australia on that visa, no longer holds a substantive visa, ceased to hold it after marrying the sponsor and seeks to stay permanently on that marriage pays a first-instalment base charge of AUD 2,475 (AUD 2,030 with a Pacific-regional passport).

टिप्पणी: Quote text also appears in other sub-paragraphs with the same amounts; the applicable sub-paragraph is (xiii) (non-Pacific) or (xii) (Pacific). Verifier 2026-10-22: removed the earlier wording 'had not applied for the 820/801 before it ended', which is not in (xii)/(xiii); the conditions are: no substantive visa, entered on the Class TO visa, visa ceased after marrying the sponsor, seeks to remain permanently on that marriage. Amounts re-checked in F2026L00874 and in compilation 289 (2 Oct 2026, the current version).

An applicant who holds a Subclass 445 (Dependent Child) visa, or whose application is combined with that holder's application, pays nothing as the first instalment for the permanent Partner (Class BS) visa.

For a Child (Migrant) Class AH application that is not an orphan-relative application, the first-instalment base charge from 1 July 2026 is AUD 4,040 for a standard passport holder (AUD 3,315 with a Pacific-regional passport), with AUD 2,020 per additional adult and AUD 1,015 per additional child at the standard rate.

टिप्पणी: Verifier 2026-10-23: re-checked against Migration Regulations compilation 289 (2 Oct 2026) Sch 1 item 1108; the Pacific-regional add-on rates are AUD 1,655 (adult) and AUD 830 (child), so the add-on amounts in this statement are labelled standard-rate only. Quotes[] collapse the PDF's space thousands separator.

The Parent (Migrant) Class AX first-instalment base charge from 1 July 2026 is AUD 6,600 (AUD 5,410 with a Pacific-regional passport), with AUD 3,300 per additional adult and AUD 1,655 per additional child.

टिप्पणी: Class AX is subclass 103. Quotes[] collapse the PDF's space thousands separator.

The Aged Parent Class BP first-instalment base charge from 1 July 2026 is AUD 6,600 (AUD 5,410 with a Pacific-regional passport), the same as for the Parent Class AX visa.

टिप्पणी: Class BP is subclass 804; Class AX is subclass 103. Quotes[] collapse the PDF's space thousands separator.

The Contributory Parent Class CA first instalment for a standard applicant is AUD 6,300 base, AUD 2,125 per additional adult and AUD 1,065 per additional child.

टिप्पणी: Class CA is subclass 143. The second instalment is a separate fact (partner-family-124). Quotes[] collapse the PDF's space thousands separator.

The Contributory Aged Parent Class DG first instalment for a standard applicant is AUD 6,300 base, AUD 3,145 per additional adult and AUD 1,580 per additional child.

टिप्पणी: Class DG is subclass 864. Quotes[] collapse the PDF's space thousands separator.

Home Affairs advertises the Contributory Parent visa as costing from AUD 49,900 for a single applicant, paid over two instalments, with lower costs possible for Contributory Parent (Temporary) (subclass 173) and substituted Visitor visa holders.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-23 verifier: cost summary at the top of the Contributory Parent (subclass 143) page, machine-checkable; page 'Last updated' 24/09/2026. The quote is split in two because the page joins the amount and the next word with a non-breaking space, which the text extraction turns into an HTML entity.

The Contributory Aged Parent visa costs from AUD 49,900 for a single applicant, paid over two instalments.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-23 verifier: cost summary at the top of the Contributory Aged Parent (subclass 864) page, machine-checkable. The page body also says the first instalment is paid when applying and the second when the department asks; that body is embedded JSON the checker cannot read, so it is not part of the statement.

The explanatory statement says the first instalment of the visa application charge rose by 25 per cent from 1 July 2026 for most visa subclasses in Schedule 1 of the Migration Regulations, which covers the family visas in this topic.

From 1 July 2026 a lower visa cost applies to eligible Pacific Island and Timor-Leste citizens who lodge a valid Partner visa application.

टिप्पणी: Verifier 2026-10-22: removed the claim that family members get the lower cost based on the primary applicant's passport; that is not on this page. The regulation does give the lower charge to combined applications (see the Pacific fee fact from Sch 1 item 1124B(2)(a)(xvi)).

The Sponsored Parent (Temporary) visa charge is paid in two instalments, and the regulations require the second instalment to be paid before the visa can be granted.

टिप्पणी: Verifier 2026-10-23: re-read in compilation 289; the two-instalment structure is stated by the clause 870.411 note only, the fee amounts are not in this fact.

Family visa applications are now ordered under Ministerial Direction 117, which replaced Direction 102 on 25 July 2026; Direction 103 still governs queue-date order for capped and queued family visas.

Under Direction 117, a family visa application ranks highest in priority when the main applicant lodged it from inside Australia and the visa can be granted onshore.

Under Direction 117, family visa applications rank lower in priority when the main applicant was outside Australia at lodgement or has to be outside Australia when the visa is granted.

टिप्पणी: 2026-10-23 round-3: statement narrowed to what this page says; the Partner/Prospective Marriage examples (offshore 309/100 and 300 lower, onshore 820/801 highest) moved to partner-family-129, sourced from the Partner visa FAQ page.

Within each priority group, Direction 117 orders family applications as: ministerial intervention cases, then partner or dependent child, orphan relative, contributory parent or contributory aged parent, carer, and finally parent, aged parent, remaining relative and aged dependent relative.

Under Direction 117 the department may prioritise a Partner application if the applicant shows special circumstances of a compassionate nature and compelling reasons to depart from the normal order; there is no guarantee, and a temporary Partner visa holder cannot get priority for the permanent stage until two years have passed since they applied for the temporary visa.

टिप्पणी: Verifier 2026-10-22: replaced 'only where' with the page's actual 'may ... if you can show' wording and added the page's statements that there is no guarantee and that priority is not considered before the two-year point for the permanent visa. 2026-10-23 round-3: page says two years must pass since applying for the temporary visa (not since grant); statement now says so.

The department will only consider priority processing if all supporting documents are lodged with the application, and says most priority requests cannot be approved.

Applicants should not contact the department about progress while an application is still within the standard processing time; status can be checked in ImmiAccount.

Partner applications are processed under a global model, so any departmental office in or outside Australia may handle them regardless of the applicant's nationality or location.

The Family stream of the 2026-27 Migration Program has a planning level of 52,460 places, with about 41,500 Partner visas and 3,500 Child visas estimated for planning purposes.

टिप्पणी: Both the stream total and the partner/child estimates are in quote and quotes[] (same page).

Parent and Other Family visa applications are subject to capping and queueing, so they are decided in queue-date order only as places become available each year.

Capping means a maximum number of visas can be granted each program year; once the number is reached, remaining parent applications stay in the queue until a place opens in a future year.

As at 31 August 2026 the department had released Contributory Parent applications with a queue date up to November 2018 and Contributory Aged Parent applications with a queue date up to November 2020 for final processing.

As at 31 August 2026 the department had released Parent (103) applications with a queue date up to March 2014 and Aged Parent (804) applications with a queue date up to October 2014.

The department's estimated processing time for a newly lodged application is 18 years for Contributory Parent visas and 42 years for Parent and Aged Parent visas, updated generally each program year.

For Contributory Parent applications lodged before 1 June 2018 the queue date is the lodgement date; for all other parent applications the queue date is set when the application is assessed as meeting the core criteria.

Under the main criterion for the onshore Partner (Temporary) visa, the applicant must be the spouse or de facto partner of an Australian citizen, Australian permanent resident or eligible New Zealand citizen who is not barred from being a sponsoring partner; other subclauses cover special groups.

Unless compelling and compassionate circumstances exist, a de facto partner applying for the Partner (Temporary) visa must show the de facto relationship lasted at least 12 months immediately before the application date.

टिप्पणी: reg 2.03A(3)(a) lists Class UK (820) and Class UF (309) among the visas it applies to.

The 12-month de facto requirement does not apply if the de facto relationship is a registered relationship under section 2E of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901, or in the specified humanitarian visa situations.

Both the applicant and the person they claim to be in a de facto relationship with must be at least 18 years old.

When assessing a Partner application the decision-maker must consider all circumstances of the relationship, including the financial aspects, the nature of the household, the social aspects and the nature of the couple's commitment.

A partner or prospective-marriage sponsorship cannot be approved unless no more than one other person was previously granted permission on the sponsor's sponsorship as a partner, and, where there was such a person (or the sponsor was earlier sponsored as a partner), at least 5 years have passed since that earlier application; compelling circumstances can override this.

टिप्पणी: HA820 page restates this as a refusal ground (third-time sponsor; sponsored another partner or was sponsored as a partner within 5 years) and lists exceptions such as a shared dependent child, death of the previous partner or a longstanding relationship. Verifier 2026-10-23: the 5-year conditions in 1.20J(1)(b)-(c) apply only where an earlier grant exists; statement reworded accordingly.

Under the exception in regulation 1.20J, sponsorship can still be approved where the Minister is satisfied there are compelling circumstances affecting the sponsor.